INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS

INTERACTION AMONG LIVING THINGS

ANTS, LIONS

GROUP GROUP ANIMALS AND SOLITARY ANIMALS SOLITARY

FOR SAFETY AND FOOD TIGERS, BEARS TO AVOID COMPETITION FOR FOOD AND SPACE

AMONG ANIMALS COMPETITION AMONG PLANTS

COMPETE FOR FOOD, WATER, MATE,SHELTER, TERRITORY/SPACE COMPETE FOR SUNLIGHT, WATER, SPACE

EXTINCT ANIMALS ENDANGERED ANIMALS AND PLANTS FACTORS

DINOSOURS, DODOS ORANG UTAN, TIGER, RAFFLESIA,PITCHER PLANT

PROTECTING ENDANGERED SPECIES

HUMANS ACTIVITIES : ILLEGAL OR EXCESSIVE LOGGING,HUNTING, DEVELOPMENT CAMPAIGN, EDUCATING THE PUBLICS, ENFORCING LAW EROSION, LANDSLIDES, FLASH FLOODS,WATER POLLUTION,AIR POLLUTION

WAYS TO PREVENT

DESTRUCTIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES

ILLEGAL AND EXCESSIVE

LOGGING ILLEGAL AND EXCESSIVE HUNTING IMPROPER MANAGEMENT OF DEVELOPMENT

INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

FORCE

CONCEPT

A push or a pull

Cannot be seen but the effects can be felt

Can move a stationary object

Stops a moving object

Changes the motion of an object Changes the direction of a moving object Makes an object move faster or slower

EFFECTS

Changes the shapes of an object

An object become squeezed, stretched, bent, twisted or squashed

Effects of friction

Produces heat Opposes motion Causes wear and tear

Slows down and stops a moving object

FRICTION

Factors that affect friction

Condition of the surface Weight of the object

Advantages Disadvantages Use rollers or marbles Use oil, wax, grease, talcum powder, air cushion

Ways to reduce friction

Smoothen surfaces

MOVEMENT

SPEED CALCULATION OF SPEED

HOW FAST AN OBJECT MOVES

FORMULA : SPEED = DISTANCE TIME

A FASTER OBJECT TRAVELS A LONGER DISTANCEIN A GIVEN TIME

A FASTER OBJECT TAKES A SHORTER TIME TO TRAVEL A GIVEN DISTANCE

UNITS : km/h m/s cm/s

INVESTIGATING MATERIALS FOOD PRESERVATION Unpleasant smell Characteristics of spoilt food FOOD SPOILAGE The conditions for microorganisms to grow Unpleasant taste Changed colour Changed texture Mouldy

Air Water

Suitable temperature Suitable acidity

Nutrients

Drying Boiling Cooling

Fish, prawns, cuttlefish, fruits

Vegetables, fruits

Vacuum packing
FOOD PRESERVATION Pickling Freezing Bottling/Canning Pasteurising Salting Smoking Waxing

Nuts, crackers, powder milk

Fruits, vegetables Chicken, meat, prawns, cuttlefish Meat, fish, fruits, vegetables Milk, juices, ice cream Fish, meat, eggs, vegetables, fruits Meat, fish Vegetables, fruits

THE IMPORTANCE OF PRESERVINg FOOD

To make food last longer To make food easy to store

To reduce wastage of food

WASTE MANAGEMENT

TYPES OF WASTE SOURCES OF WASTE

PLASTICS, GLASS, CHEMICAL WASTE, ORGANIC WASTE, METAL HOMES, FACTORIES, AGRICULTURE, MOTOR VEHICLES DISPOSE OF WASTE IN THE RIGHT PLACE

PROPER
WAYS OF DISPOSING WASTE IMPROPER

TREAT WASTE BEFORE DISPOSING OF IT INTO THE DRAIN BURY WASTE THAT CAN DECAY IN SOIIL REUSE OF RECYCLE WASTE LITTERING OPEN BURNING RELEASE OR WASTE INTO THE RIVERS RELEASE OF SMOKE INTO THE AIR

AIR POLLUTION

DAMAGES OUR LUNGS, INITIATES OUR EYES

HARMFUL EFFECTS OF IMPROPER DISPOSAL OF WASTE

WATER POLLUTION SICKNESS & DISEASES ACID RAIN

CAN KILL FISH AND WATER PLANTS

THYPOID, DENGUE FEVER

CAN KILL PLANTS AND ERODE BUILDING

FLASH FLOODS

DAMAGE PROPERTY

WASTE THAT CAN DECAY

FOOD, PAPER, WOOD

ADVANTAGE : TO MAKE THE SOIL FERTILE DISADVANTAGE : -GIVES OUT POISONOUS GASES

WASTE THAT DOES NOT DECAY

PLASTICS, GLASS, METAL

INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE

ECLIPSE

Eclipse of The Moon

Eclipse of The Sun

The Earth is between the Sun and the Moon and the three of them lie in a straight line.

The Moon is between the Sun and the Earth and the three of them lie in a straight line.

The Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon

The Moon looks reddish, dark gray or brown

Sunlight is blocked by the Moon

The Moon shadow falls on the Earth surface

Daylight becomes dark during the total eclipse

INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY MACHINES

Lever SIMPLE MACHINES Wheel and axle Pulley Wedge Inclined plane Screw Gear

To carry or move heavy objects easily To carry or move heavy objects easily To carry or to lift objects to higher place To cut or separate objects To lift heavy objects easier To fix two objects together To move objects easily

COMPLEX MACHINE

Made up of more than one simple machine

e.g Wheelbarrow, bicycle, a pair of scissors, fishing rod

To carry, move or lift heavy things more easily To travel from one place to another To make work faster To make communication with people faster and easier To treat diseases

Crane, lift

MACHINE MAKE LIFE EASIER

Aeroplane, bus

Tractor

Computer, satelite

Dialysis machine