IV FLUIDS

SPIKE CONNECTOR: inserted into the solutions container and is kept sterile. DRIP CHAMBER: allows the fluid to flow one drop at a time, making it easy to see the flow rate PIGGYBACK JUNCTION: Allows infusion of another IV Fluid into the same line ROLLER CLAMP: it controls the rate of the flow INJECTION PORT: Used for administration of medications like antibiotic

IV THERAPY
is

the administration of liquid substances directly into a vein.

It

is the fastest way to deliver fluids and medications throughout the body.

PURPOSES OF INTRAVENOUS FLUID

To supply fluids when clients are unable to take in an adequate volume of fluids by mouth. To provide salts needed to maintain electrolyte balance. To provide glucose (dextrose), the main fuel for metabolism. To provide water-soluble vitamins and medications. To promote a life line for rapidly needed medications.

TYPES OF INTRAVENOUS FLUID ACCORDING TO TONICITY

Isotonic Solution Solution that have a concentration of dissolved particles or tonicity equal to the body fluid which is used to maintain fluid intake and reestablish water volume Examples of IVfluids: NSS (NOrmal Saline Solution/ 0.9% NaCl) contains only electrolytes Na&Cl. D5W (5% dextrose in water) - contains no electrolytes Lactated Ringer's Solution - contains Na, K, Ca, Cl & Lactate

Hypotonic Solution It has lesser tonicity than that of the body fluid and has lesser solute concentration that makes the cell swell Used to provide free water and treat cellular dehydration. Examples of Hypotonic Fluids: 0.45% NaCl (half strength normal saline) 0.33% NaCl ( one third strength normal saline)

Hypertonic Solution It has tonicity or solute concentration greater than that of the body fluid. It makes the cell shrink Given to patients with hyponatremias (Na deficits) with edema Examples of Hypertonic Fluids: D5NSS (5% Dextrose in normal saline solution) D5 in 0.45% NaCl ( 5% Dextrose in half strength normal saline) D5LR (5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Solution) D10W ( 10% Dextrose in water) D50W50 (50% Dextrose in 50 ml of water)

ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS

Electrolyte solutions are either NaCl (saline solutions) or multiple electrolyte solutions containing varying amounts of cations and anions.

Commonly Used Solutions are: Normal Saline Solution (0.9% NaCl Solution) contains electrolytes Na & Cl only Ringer's Solution - contains Na, Cl, K, Ca Lactated Ringer's Solution - contains Na, Cl, K, Ca & Lactate( a salt of lactic acid that is metabolized in the liver to form bicarbonate)

NAME of IV color PNSS Green Plain LRS Blue D5LRS Pink D5Water Red D10Water Blue green D5 0.3 NaCl Sky blue

Type Isotonic Isotonic Hypertonic Isotonic Hypertonic Hypertonic