D 9 (tanker safety basic course)

- Izvedbe tankova - Ventili - Operacije s teretom

Gas Carrier Types

Fully pressurised ships Semi-presurised ships Ethylene ships Fully refrigerated LPG ships LNG ships

Fully pressurised ships

The simplest (for LPG or amonia) Fitted with tanks type C (pressure vessel) Carbon steel tk-s up to 20 bar No thermal insulation required No reliquefaction plant required No secundary barrier reguired Hold space ventilated w. Air Discharging by pumps or compressors Loading heater (for loading fm. fully refrigerated terminals)

Semi-pressurised ships
C tanks max. working press. 5-7 bar Secondary barrier not required Low temp.steel up to 48 oC (for most LPG and

chemical gas cargoes) Can be made from special aloy steel or aluminum for ehylene (- 104 oC) Reduced tk.thickness refrigeration plant & insulation required (for LPG, vinyl chlorid, propylene and butadiene) Discharging/loading throught refrigirated or pressurised facilities

Ethylene ships
For ethylene or LPGs or Chemical Gases Tanks type C No secondary barrier required High-capacity reliquefaction plant and

insulation fitted Complete double hull required for all cargoes below 55 oC (for tanks type A, B or C)

 For large quantities of LPG or amonia or

petroleum products Types of tanks:
Not found general favour w. Ship operators

Fully refrigerated ships

Independant tanks w.single hull and DBT and hopper tk

(type A free standing up to 0.7 bar)

Have up to 6 tanks fitted w.longitudinal

Independant tanks w.double hull Integral tanks (incorporating a double hull) Semi-membrane tanks (incorporating a double hull)

bulkhead and transverse wash plates Reliquefaction plant and insulation fitted Cargo heaters and booster pumps often fitted for discharging into pressurised facilities

LNG ships
For Methan: - 161 oC, or Ethylene: - 104 oC
Types of tanks:
Gaz

Transport membrane Technigaz membrane Kvaerner Moss spherical type B IHI SPB Tank prismatic

Double hull troughout cargo lenght Cargo boil-off is burned as fuel Hold spaces around tanks inerted continuosly
(except in the case of spherical Type Bmay be filled w. dry air)

Basic Types of Tanks

Independent Type A Independent Type B Independent Type C Membrane Semi-membrane Internal insulation Type 1 Internal insulation Type 2 Integral

 Pmax = 0.7 bar Cargoes must be

carried in fully refrigerated condition (below 0.25 bar) Self-suporting prismatic tk. Secondary barrier required For cargoes below 10 o C Sec. barrier 15 days leakage

Type A

Tip A
Samonosivi prizmatini tk. za terete ispod 10 0C Zahtjevaju unutarnja pojaanja Izolirani pjenom (direktno na tanku ili unutarnjem trupu) Obavezna 2. barijera koja pokriva cijeli tank
kod tereta do - 55 0C (ili kao bariera ili kao dio konstrukcije) mora izdati proput. 15 dana Prostori izmeu bariera ispunjeni inertnim plinom

Tip B
Sferini (Kvaerner Moss) Prizmatini
Parcijalna druga bariera (ispod donje polovice)
ispunjena inertnim plinom ili suhim zrakom

Samonosivi Poveavaju korisnu nosivost Potpuno ispod glavne palube

Tip C
Posude pod tlakom (5 20 bar ovisno da
li su semi ili fully pressurised brodovi) Sferini ili cilindrini Ne zahtijevaju drugu barieru Nedostatak slaba iskoristivost prostora i velika teina (manje tereta) Izolacija

Membranski tankovi
Nisu samonosivi (poduprti izolac. i trupom) Trup oblikovan kao drea struktura Obavezna druga bariera (osigurava
nepropusnost i vrstou) 2 osnovna sistema:
Gaz Transport Technigaz:
Mark

I Mark III

Karakteristike membranskih tankova

Test tlak 0.245 bar/temp.=- 165OC Pretlak: 80 mbar (ne podnose potlak) Npr. Pokolni = 1000 mbar / pspremnika = 1080 Dom kapljevine (prema krmi):

Poklopac za ulazak u tank Cjevovodi ukrcaja/iskrcaja Temperaturne i sonde nivoa Kabeli pumpe iskrcaja (ako je motor u tanku)

Dom plina (prema provi manji od d.k.)

Spoj na sigurnosne ventile

Polumembranski tankovi
Nisu nali veu primjenu Primarna bariera deblja nego na membr.tk. Ravne stranice i veliki radijusi za diletacije Samonosivi kad je prazan ali ne i kad je pun
(tada se oslanja na unutarnji trup) Modificirani za fully refrigerated LPG (neke Jap. gradnje)

Materijali tankova (IGC Code)

Za fully-refrig. LPG mater. mora izdrati
do -55 0C
Fully killed, fine grain, carbon-manganese steel,
0.5 % Ni Aloy

Za etilen i metan (- 104 ili 162 0C)

Nickel aloyed steel, Invar (SS) ili Aluminium

Kvaerner Moss Design

LNG tank connection

-Tank oslonjen na ekvatorijalni prsten koji prenosi optereenje na dvostruku oplatu. - Materijal aluminij 5083-0 - Izolacija PU pjena zatiena Al oplatom - Na gornjoj polovici kruni perforirani cjevovod za hlaenje tokom putovanja u balastu PREDNOSTI - Manji rizik od oteenja pri sudaru ili nasukanju - Povoljniji uvijeti gradnje (nezavisno od trupa broda) i bolja kontrola gradnje - Podnose vee tlakove (mogunost iskrcaja bez pumpi) - Oblik omoguuje bolje sakuplanje tereta bolja kontrola iskrcaja

LNG

Prismatic shape B Type

- Poveava iskoristivost brodskog prostora - Tlak limitiran na 0.7 bar LNG brodovi

Type C tanks

Cylindrical or Spherical Design pressure higher than 2 bar For semi or fully pressurised carriers Designed and bult acc. with pressure vessel codes No sec. Barrier is required Hold space filled w. Inert gas or dry air

Type C tanks

Fully pressurised ships:

Pmax = 18 bar T = Tatm

Difference In utilizat. of ship space

Semi-pressurised ships:

Pmax = 5 7 bar / vacum = 0.5 bar T = - 48 for LPG / - 104 for ethylene (for steel) Ethylene carrier may be used to transport LPG

Type C tanks

Membrane tanks

Not self supporting (supported through the insulation inner hull) Primary & secondary barrier 2 companies (types):

Gaz Transport membrane system Technigaz membrane system

Larger LNG carriers Primary barrier (Invar: 36% Ni / 0.2% C) Perlite in plywood boxes (200 mm) Secondary barrier (Invar) Perlite in plywood boxes (200 mm)
Invar: Low coeff.of thermal exp. Thickness of 0.7 mm (new designs)

Gaz Transport - membrana

Primary barrier SS 18 Ni / 10 Cr 1.2 mm Corrugated plates Mark I balsa wood + plywood + pvc connection Mark III PU foam + triplex + plywood boxes

Triplex = fiberglass cloth + aluminium laminate - barrier

Technigaz Mark III

Armatura tanka

Pumpe za iskrcaj (2) Pumpe za posuivanje Temperaturne sonde po visini Senzori za mjerenje tlaka Mjerai razine Plovci za alarm visokog nivoa Mjerai gustoe tereta

Armatura 1.izolacijskog podruja

Cjevovod razvoda duika ili suhog zraka Aut.sig.ventili za ispust N2 ili CH4 u sluaju proboja membrane Cjevovodi za uzimanje uzoraka Temperaturne sonde (vie njih) Senzori za alarm u sluaju proboja

(izolacijska podruja pod pretlakom 3-5 mbar)

Armatura 2.izolacijskog podruja

Cjevovod razvoda duika ili suhog zraka Aut.sig.ventili za ispust N2 ili CH4 u sluaju proboja 2. membrane Cjevovodi za uzimanje uzoraka Temperaturne sonde (vie njih) Senzori za alarm u sluaju proboja Senzori za sluaj proboja vode iz balasta

Semi-membrane tanks
Primary barrier much thicker than membrane Large radius corners & flat sides Self-supporting when empty (not in loaded
condition) Several Japanese-built fully refrigerated LPG

Integral tanks
Structural part of the ships hull Not allowed for carriage LG below -10 0C Some Japanese built for carriage of fully

refrigerated butane Integral tk-s w. Internal insulation (fixed on inner hull or independent load-bearing surface) up to -55 0C (concept has not proved)

Insulation materials
Balsa Wood -------------- 0.05 W/moK Mineral Wood ----------- 0.03 W/moK Perlite -------------------- 0.04 W/moK Polystyrene ------------- 0.036 W/moK Polyurethane ----------- 0.025 W/moK

Insulation materials demands

Low thermal conductivity Ability to bear loads Ability to withstand mechanical damage Light weight Compatible with cargo liquid or vapor

Valves
Valves on pipeline
Relief

(safety) valves Globe, gate, ball, butterfly remotly operated

Safety valves on tanks

Min.

2 valves on tanks greater than 20 m3 spring loaded or pilot operated

All must be compatible w. cargo and

whitstand low temperature (SS)

Pilot-operated is used on any types of tanks Spring-loaded is used on tanks type C (under pressure)

Zahtjevi za konstrukciju
Pump room ne smije biti ispod gl.palube Cjevovod se ne smije voditi ispod g.p. Cjevovod mora ii kroz tank dome Komp.stanica i stan.el. motora moraju biti

nepropusno odvojeni ESD (Emergency Shut Down) sistem za gaenje kompresora, zatv. ventila, zaustavljanje pumpi sa mosta, skale, kompresorske stanice, CCR i Emergency Control Station-a; i ako nestane napajanja ili kod poara na tank domu.

Zahtjevi za konstrukciju
Najmanje 2 sig. Ventila na tk-ovima veim od
20 m3 (manji od 20 m3 dozv. 1 ventil) Redovita drenaa vent risera (voda poveava tlak otvaranja) Ubrizgavanje inhibitora smrzavanja u pumpe (metanol i sl.) Grijai kod iskrcaja u topao tank na kraju, ili ukrcaja (npr. Propan se zagrijava od 45 na 5 kako ne bi dolo do pucanja tankova, ako nisu prije pothlaeni)