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How do we use it
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Preparations
Collect Data
Analyze
Report
Changes in Network
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?
Clear objective Why should this measurement be done
Preparations
Check equipment Get input files Prepare route External antenna?
Possible Objectives
Coverage analysis Trouble shooting Scanning Verify network changes
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Drive Test
- Large area
INPUT INPUT
Acceptance New sites on air Frequency Re-plan BSC Re-homing
MEASUREMENT
Drive defined route/area Record Logfile Long / Short calls Assure no data loss
OUTPUT
Plots & Report - Signal Strength - Quality Trouble Report / Area for further investigation
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Drive Test
- Specific area
INPUT
Statistics Customer complain Large area drive test Trouble Report
Measurement
Manipulate
OUTPUT
Trouble Report - Identified problem - Solution
- Forced handover
- Lock on to Frequency - Layer 3 messages Analysis on-spot Rectify & Verify on-spot
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Walk Test
INPUT
Statistics Customer complain Micro cell planning Indoor cell planning
Measurement
Add file marks (GPS) Scanning
OUTPUT
Trouble Report Planning Report - Antenna location - Frequency
Scanning
INPUT
Finding a new frequency Area Network Scanning
Measurement
TEMS INV in scanning mode Set ARFCN to scan
OUTPUT
Received SS on different ARFCN plot New frequency
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TEMS Logfiles
Geographical Presentation
Statistics Report
Analysis
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Problem Cases
Low Signal Strength Interference Handover Call Setup Failure Dropped Call Misc.
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INPUT
Large area DT
Post-Processing Analysis
Specific area DT
Identify areas with low signal strength e.g. SS < -100dBm (outdoor)
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Output Power
Missing Neighbor Relation Site Location
Analysis
Shadowed Antenna
Visit site Check antenna installation Is there a better antenna position at same site?
Output Power
Check output power Parameters
BSPWRT - NON BCCH FREQ BSPWRB - BCCH FREQ
Faulty Hardware
Check alarm & BTS Error log Visit site
Height/down Tilt
Add reduce down tilt? Can antenna be placed lower or higher to give better coverage?
Missing Neighbor
Is the call dragged?
Is low SS due to missing neighbor relations
Site Location
Possible to move site? New antenna location at same site? Is it necessary to expand and build a new site?
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Antenna direction
Antenna height, tilt or position New site as last option.
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Interference Case
TEMS Logfiles
INPUT
Large area DT
Post-Processing Analysis
Specific area DT
Identify areas with Rxqual > 5 Identify source using Map and STS New drive test around problem area?
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Interference Case
Logfile analysis
From logfile & map: What channel group suffer from interference? HOP or Non HOP? Check Current channel information in TEMS INV, hopping channel and hopping frequency.
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Types of Interference
CASE 1 CASE 2
High site
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Interference Case
Possible Reasons
Poor frequency plan No dominant cell --> low C/I ---> increased Rxqual Frequency Hopping is off External interference e.g. jammer
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Interference Case
Possible solutions
Enable BTS Power Control, MS power control and make it less aggressive.
Change frequency of interferer or interfered cell:
Handover Case
INPUT Large area DT Specific area DT
Look for:
Post-Processing Analysis
- Examples
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- Possible Reason 1
Merry-go-round Handover, Offset > Hysterisis
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- Possible Reason 2
Offset only in one direction e.g A-B for Inter BSC relation
BSC 1 BSC 2
CELL A
CELL B
No B -> A OFFSET
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No dominant server Locating penalty settings e.g. PSSBQ, PTIMBQ No dominant Server Too small hysterisis setting
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Possible Solutions
Antenna direction Antenna Tilts Plan for new site Change Locating Parameter e.g. KHYST or LHYST
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Possible Solution
Change Parameter, KHYST or LHYST
Hysterisis
CELL A
CELL B
Handover From A to B
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Handover Case
Handover Reversion
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Handover Reversion
Common Reason
Duplicates of BSIC BCCH combinations in neighboring list
Handover command?
610_12 606_33 610_31 610_31
Neighbor cell 2
Road
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Handover Reversion
Other Reasons
Uplink interference in target cell Downlink interference at MS Solutions Interference Investigation Statistics Scanning
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Handover Case
Handover Case
Unrealistic Handover
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Unrealistic Handover
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Post-Processing Output
Geographical Report (if necessary)
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Check the TEMS statistics report (Blocked Call) if there is Call Setup Failure. If yes, identify the problem cells and which logfile from geographical report. Replay the logfile and jump to the Blocked Call event. Check if there is any successful call setup to the problem cell.
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Review the layer 3 messages to check at which sequence the failure occur (random access, SDCCH, TCH assignment etc.). Is there any traffic (SDCCH & TCH) in the cell, SDCCH & TCH seizures, congestion etc. Check fault report
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- Troubleshooting Scenario
Before performing drive test, check STS report & fault report. If can not identify the problem, perform drive test. During measurement, lock the BCCH of the problem cell. Review the layer 3 messages to check at which sequence the failure occur (random access, SDCCH, TCH assignment etc.).
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Low Signal Strength Interference High Congestion on SDCCH High Congestion on TCH Transmission Fault Faulty TRU/Hardware Central Processor Overload Software File Congestion Cell is not defined in MSC.
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- Possible solutions
Low signal strength Signal strength analysis. Interference Interference analysis. High Congestion on SDCCH:
Define more SDCCHs. Activate adaptive configuration of logical channel feature and immediate assignment to TCH.
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Multiple Channel Requests. Successful Random Access after the third try. Congestion in SDCCH.
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- Input
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- Analysis
From plot, identify which & where in logfile the dropped call occurs. In the log file, Jump the drop call event. Check if there is a disrupt in the recording. If yes could be a false drop due to TEMS mobile disconnection during recording!!!
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- Analysis (cont)
If High Rxqual for a longer period of time and RLINKT expire Interference problem. If Low SS DL, SSDL < MSSENS ( -104dBm) low signal strength problem. If TA > 63 too far from the cell.
If DL radio is good, check the TX power. If there is MS power down regulation when the MS is close to the cell. If full power suspect uplink interference or antenna, TMA problem. Verify or isolate the problem using STS (Drop call and reasons).
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The End
GSM Drive Test & Network Optimization
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