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Benign Tumors
Benign Not recurrent or progressive. Opposite of malignant
Pathophysiology 2
Invasion growth of the primary tumor into the surrounding host tissues Metastasis dissemination or spread of malignant cells from the primary tumor to distant sites
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy problems
Myelosuppression Pulmonary or cardiac toxicity Nausea and vomiting Extravasation Hypersensitivity reactions Neuropathy Pain at the injection site Flulike syndrome Hyperglycemia
Leukemia
A neoplastic proliferation of one particular cell type (granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, or megakaryocytes) Common feature is an unregulated proliferation of WBCs in the bone marrow
Acute leukemia
Progresses rapidly; characterized by ineffective, immature cells in the bone marrow pushing out the normal cells. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)--adults Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)--children Signs and symptoms: Pallor, headache, fatigue, malaise, loss of appetite, weight loss, tachycardia, shortness of breath, petechiae, ecchymosis, splenomegaly, and bone tenderness.
Chronic leukemia
Progresses slowly and rarely affects people under age 20. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) strikes ages 40 to 50, more in males. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) strikes after age 40 and is most common in older men.
Lymphoma
Neoplastic disease in which lymphocytes undergo malignant changes and produce tumors Classified as Hodgkins disease (accounts for 12% of lymphomas) and non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) Hodgkins disease accounted for 5 % of all cancer diagnoses in 2005; 3% NHL
Stages of lymphoma
Stage I involves a single lymph node or localized involvement Stage II involves two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm Stage III involves several lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm Stage IV involves extralymphatic tissue, such as the bone marrow
Multiple Myeloma
A malignant disease of the most mature form of B lymphocyte
Multiple Myeloma 2
Clinical Manifestations Bone pain Hypercalcemia Renal failure Anemia Oral hemorrhage Fatigue, weakness
Medical/Nursing Management