HPEP,RC Puram

Speedtronic Mark V Turbine Control System

Gas Turbine

Rotating Blow Torch Designed to Run at the Ragged Edge of Self Destruction

Control System for Gas Turbine

Gas turbine is controlled Speedtronic control system Control loops includes

Start-up Acceleration Speed Temperature Shutdown and Manual Control functions

Speedtronic Control loops

Major Control loops

Secondary control loops

Acceleration Manual FSR and Shutdown

Start-up Speed and Temperature

Output of these control loops is fed to a minimum value gate Display Fuel circuit
Temperature
Display

Speed

Acceleration Rate Display Start Up Shut Down Manual

M I N

FSR

To Turbine

Speedtronic Control loops

Fuel Stroke Reference (FSR)

Command signal for fuel flow

Controlling FSR

Lowest of the six control loops Establishes the fuel input to turbine @ rate required by system which is in control

Only ONE control loop will be in control at anytime.

The control loop which controls FSR is displayed in operator friendly CRT.

Startup/Shutdown Sequence and Control

Startup control brings the gas turbine

Zero speed up to Operating speed. Flame & Accelerate the turbine in such a manner as to minimize the Low cycle Fatigue of the hot gas path parts during the sequence Command signals to Turbine Accessories, Starting device and Fuel control system depends on proper functioning of GT equipment.

Allows proper fuel to establish

Software Sequencing involves

Safe and successful start-up

Software Sequencing ensures safe operation of Turbine

Startup/Shutdown Sequence and Control

Control logic circuitry is associated not only with actuating control devices, but enables protective circuits and obtains permissive conditions before proceeding.

Control settings play a vital role in determining the proper sequencing.

Actual site specific control settings are generated by M/s GEICS,USA. L14HR Zero-Speed (Approx. 0% TNH) L14HM Min Speed (Approx.. 16% TNH) L14HA Accelerating Speed (Approx. 50% TNH) L14HS Operating speed (Approx..95% TNH)

Speed detection - by magnetic pickups

Startup/Shutdown Sequence and Control

Actual settings of speed relays are listed in Control

specification.

The control constants are programmed in <RST>

processors EEPROM.

Always ensure correct site specific, machine

specific control specification.

Consult your system designer for any queries.

Start-up Control - FSRSU

Open loop control

Uses preset levels of fuel command

Various Fuel levels

Zero, Fire, Warm-up, Accelerate and Max.

Typical values for Frame-6

Fire Warm-up Accelerate Maximum

15.62% 11.62% 19.82% 100%

Open Loop Control

Start-up Control - FSRSU

Startup control FSR (FSRSU) signal operates through the MIN value gate to ensure other control functions can limit FSR as required.

FSRSU

FSRACC
FSRN FSRT FSRSYN FSRMAN

FSR
MIN

FSR = FSRSU

Start-up Control - FSRSU

Speedtronic Control Start-up software generates Fuel command signal (FSR). Speedtronic Control Software also sets the MAX and MIN limits for FSR for Manual Control FSR
[ FSRMIN < FSRMAN < FSRMAX ]

When Turbine Breaks away (starts to rotate)

L14HR pick-up Starting clutch solenoid 20CS de-energizes

Shuts down the hydraulic ratchet motor (88HR)

Acceleration Control - FSRACC

Acceleration control software

compares the present value of Speed signal with the value at the last sample time.
Difference between these two numbers is a measure of acceleration.

When actual acceleration is greater acceleration reference, FSRACC is reduced, which reduces FSR, thus reduction in fuel supply to turbine.

During startup-acceleration reference is a function of turbine speed.

Acceleration control takes over after Warm-up state.

Acceleration Control - FSRACC

Acceleration reference is a Control constant programmed in <RST> EEPROMS

Typical

0.35 %/sec

0.10 %/sec 0% 40% 50% 75% 95% 100%

TNH

Acceleration Control - FSRACC

FSRSU FSRACC FSRN

FSR MIN

FSRT
FSRSYN FSRMAN

FSR = FSRACC

Speed Control - FSRN

Speed Control System software

controls the speed and load of the gas turbine generator in response to the actual turbine speed signal (TNH) and the called-for speed reference(TNR)

TNH

FSRN

TNR

Speed/Load Control

Speed/Load Reference:

Speed control software will change FSR in proportion to the difference the actual turbine generator speed (TNH) and the called-for reference (TNR)

Reference Speed (TNR) range

95% (min) to 107% (max) for a generator drive turbine

Start-up speed reference is 100.3%.

This is preset when START signal is initiated.

Turbine follows 100.3% TNH for synchronization

Speed/Load Control

Turbine Speed is held constant when Generator Breaker is closed onto Power grid

Fuel flow in excess of the necessary to maintain FSNL will result in increased power produced by the generator.

Thereby Speed control becomes Load control loop

Speed Control:

Isochronous Speed control Droop Speed Control

Isochronous Speed Control

TNH TNR
FSRSU FSRACC

FSRNI

FSRN (or FSRNI)

FSRT FSRSYN

MIN

FSR
FSR = FSRN

FSRMAN

Droop Speed Control

Droop Control is a proportional control.

Any change in actual speed (grid frequency) will cause a proportional change in unit load. This proportionality is adjustable to the desired regulation or Droop 104 % 100 %
FSNL Full Speed No Load FSR

95% Min TNR

Low Speed Stop

FSR

Rated FSR

Speed/Load Control loop

Raise Rate Speed Ref. Command Speed Target

Lower

Power
MANUAL SETPOINT Primary Os

LOG SETPOIINT

Rate

Preset Ememrgency Os SPEED CONTROL

Speed Error

Mechanical Os Load Raise Rate Load Ref. Cmd MANUAL

SET POINT

Speed

Load Lower

LOG SET POIINT

Load Setpoint

Load Rate

Preset

Speed Control Schematic

SPEED CONTROL
FSNL TNR SPEED REF.

<RST>

+ -

ERROR + SIGNAL

FSRN

TNH SPEED DROOP

<RST>

SPEED CHANGER LOAD SET POINT

MAX. LIMIT
L83SD RATE L70R RAISE L70L LOWER

L83PRES PRESET LOGIC

MEDIAN SELECT

PRESET
OPERATING L83TNROP MIN. SELECT LOGIC

TNR SPEED REF.

MIN.

START-UP

or SHUT DOWN

Synchronising - FSRSYN

Automatic synchronization software

Algorithms programmed into <RST> controller and <P> software.

Bus and Generator voltage are input signals to Protective core <P>.

Isolation transformers are built into <P> core

<RST> software drives the synch check and system permissive relays.

Sequencing and algorithms are programmed into <RST> EEPROM

<P> hardware and software sends voted command to actual breaker closure.

Auto Synchronisation
Speed
Speed Matching Raise Speed

System Frequency

Lower Speed

Speed
Raise Volts

Generator Volts

Voltage Matching Lower Volts

System Volts

Synchronising Scheme
<RST>
AUTO SYNCH PERMISSIVE Gen Volts
REF A A>B B AND

L83AS Auto Synch Permissive

<XYZ> AUTO SYNCH

Line Volts
REF

A A>B B

Calculated Phase within Limits Calculated slip within Limits Calculated Acceleration Calculated Breaker Lead Time

AND

L25
Breaker Close

Temperature Control - FSRT

Temp.Control software/algorithms

limit fuel flow to the turbine to maintain internal operating temperatures within design parameters of turbine hot gas path parts.

Highest temperature is in the flame zone of combustion chambers.

TTXM TTREF

FSRT

Firing Temperature

Firing temperature - temperature of gas as it exits the first stage nozzle. Speedtronic limits this firing temperature. Firing temperature is calculated by

thermodynamic relation ships GT performance calculations, and site conditions as a function of Exhaust Temp(Tx) and CPD
Exhaust temperature (Tx)

fuel air

Isothermal

Compressor Discharge Pressure (CPD)

Firing Temperature

Firing temperature can also be approximated as

a function of Tx and Fuel flow (FSR) and as a function of Tx and Generator MW output Line of constant firing temperature are used in control software to limit the gas turbine operating temp whereas the constant exhaust temperature limit protects the exhaust system during start-up. TA TB TC
Exhaust temperature (Tx)

Isothermal

TA > TB > TC

Fuel Stroke Reference (FSR)

Exhaust Temp control software

Series of application programs written to

perform critical exhaust temperature control and

monitoring.

Major function is

Exhaust temperature control.

Software is Programmed for

Temperature control command

Temperature control bias calculations

Temperature reference selection.

Temperature Control Schematic

<RST>

If ONE Controller should fail, this TTXDR program ignore the readings from the TTXDS TTXDT failed Controller. TTXM is based on remaining controllers thermocouples. Alarm will be generated

TTXD2
SORT HIGHEST TO LOWEST

To Comb. Monitor

<RST> Temp Control Ref

CORNER

QUANTITY of TCs Used

REJECT LOW TCs

REJECT HIGH AND LOW

AVERAGE REMAINING

TTXM

Temperature Control <RST>

+

CPD

FSRMIN FSRMAX TTRXB

MIN. SELECT

SLOPE
SLOPE

FSR
CORNER

+ -

TTXM
GAIN

+ +

MEDIAN SELECT

FSRT

FSR
ISOTHERMAL

The temp-control-command program in <RST> compares the exhaust temp control setpoint (calculated in the temp-control-bias program and stored in computer memory) TTRXB to the TTXM value to determine temp error. The software program converts the temp error to a FSRT

Temperature Control Bias program

DIGITAL INPUT DATA

COMPUTER MEMORY

SELECTED TEMPERATURE REFERANCE TABLE

TEMPERATURE CONTROL BIAS PROGRAM

TTKn_I
COMPUTER MEMORY

TTKn_K Isothermal TTKn_C

CONSTANT STORAGE

CPD FSR

Temperature Control Bias

Temp control Bias program calculates the Exhaust temp control setpoint TTRXB based on CPD data stored in computer memory and constants from the selected temp-reference table. This Program also calculates another setpoint based on FSR and constants from another temperaturereference table.

Exhaust Temp Control Setpoints

TTKn_C (CPD bias corner) and TTKn_S (CPD bias slope) are used with the CPD data to determine the CPD bias exhaust temperature setpoint. TTKn_K (FSR bias corner) and TTKn_M (FSR bias slope) are used with the FSR data to determine the FSR bias exhaust temperature setpoint. Program also selects isothermal setpoint

Final temp control Ref=MIN(FSR bias, CPD bias, Isothermal setpoint (TTKn_I)

Temperature Control Bias Program

This Program selects the minimum of the three set points, CPD bias, FSR bias, or isothermal setpoint for the final exhaust temperature control reference.
During normal operation with Gas or light Distillate fuels, this selection results in a CPD bias control with an isothermal limit.

CPD bias setpoint is compared with the FSR bias setpoint by the program and an alarm occurs when the CPD setpoint exceeds the FSR bias setpoint.

During normal operation with Heavy fuels, FSR bias setpoint will be selected to minimize the turbine nozzle plugging on firing temperature.

FSR bias setpoint is compared with CPD bias setpoint and an alarm occurs when the FSR bias setpoint exceeds the CPD bias setpoint.

A ramp function is provided in the program to limit the rate of setpoint change. Both Max (TTKRXR1) and Min (TTKRXR2) change in ramp rates (slopes) are programmed.Typical rate change limit is 1.5deg F. The output of this ramp function is the Exhaust temp.control setpoint which is stored in the computer memory.

Temperature Reference Select Program

Exhaust temperature control function selects control set points to allow GT operation at firing temperatures. Temperature-control-select program determines the operational level for control set points based on Digital input information representing temperature control requirements. Three digital input signals are decoded to select one set of constants which defines the control set points necessary to meet the demand.
Typical digital signals are BASE SELECT, PEAK SELECT and HEAVY FUEL SELECT
Digital Input Data Temperature Reference Select Selected Temperature Reference Table

When appropriate set of constants are selected they are stored in the selected-temperature-reference memory.

Constant Storage

Temperature Reference Select Program

Fuel Control system

Turbine fuel control system will change fuel flow to the combustors in response to the fuel stroke reference signal(FSR).

FSR actually consists of two separate signals added together.

FSR = FSR1 + FSR2

FSR1 = Called-for liquid fuel flow FSR2 = Called-for gas fuel flow

Standard fuel systems are designed for operation with Liquid fuel and/or gas fuel.

Servo Drive System

Servo drive System

The heart of Fuel Control System

3 coil Electro Hydraulic Servo Valve

Servo valve is the interface between the electrical and mechanical systems Servo valve controls the direction and rate of motion of a hydraulic actuator based on the input current to the servo. Servo valve contains three electrically isolated coils on the torque motor. Each coil is connected to one of the three controllers <RST>, thereby redundancy is ensured if one of the controller fails. A null-bias spring positions the servo so that actuator goes to the fail safe position when ALL power and/or control signal is lost.

Liquid Fuel System

Liquid Fuel system consists of

Fuel handling components

Primary fuel oil filter (low pressure) Fuel oil stop valve - Fuel pump Fuel bypass valve - Fuel oil pressure relief valve Secondary fuel oil filter (High pressure) Flow dividers - Combined Selector valve False start drain valve - Fuel lines & fuel nozzles Liquid fuel press sw (upstream) 63FL-2 Fuel oil stop valve limit sw 33FL Fuel pump clutch solenoid 20CF Liquid fuel pump bypass valve Servo valve 65FP Flow divider magnetic pickups 77FD-1,2,3 and Speedtronic Control cards TCQC and TCQA

Electrical Control components

Liquid Fuel System P&ID

FSR1 <RST>

FQ1
FQROUT

<RST> <RST> TCQA TCQA TCQC Flow Divider PR/A Typical Fuel Nozzles

TNH L4 L20FLX

By-pass Valve Asm 65FP 63FL-2 Diff Press Guage Fuel Stop Valve OF Main Fuel Pump Accessory Gear Drive OLTControl Oil

77FD-1

Combustion Chamber
Conn.For Purge When Required

OFV VR4 Atomizing Air 77FD-2 77FD-3

AD

33FL

False Start Drain Valve Chamber OFD

To Drain

Fuel oil Control - Software

Control system checks the permissive L4 and L20FLX to allow FSR1 for closing the Bypass valve
(closing bypass valve sends fuel to the combustors)

These signals control the opening and closing of the fuel oil stop valve. Fuel pump clutch solenoid (20CF) is energised to drive the pump when the Stop valve opens. Fuel splitter algorithm ensures requisite FSR when FSR1 is active FSR1 is multiplied by TNH - to make it a function of speed (an important parameter of Turbine)

to ensure better resolution at the lower, more critical speeds where air flow will be low. Net result is FQROUT- a digital liquid fuel flow command At Full speed, TNH does not change Therefore FQROUT ~~ FSR

Fuel oil Control - Software

Analog signal is converted to digital counts and is used in the controllers software to compare to certain limits as well as for display in CRT.

The checks performed by software program

L60FFLH - Excessive fuel flow on start-up L3LFLT - Loss of LVDT position feedback

L3LFBSQ - Bypass valve is not fully open when the stop valve is closed
L3LFBSC - Servo Current is detected when stop valve is closed L3LFT - Loss of flow divider feedback

(L60FFLH persists for 2 sec and this fault initiates trip, L3LFT also initiates trip during start-up)

Fuel Gas System

Fuel gas is controlled by

Gas Speed ratio/stop valve (SRV) Gas Control Valve (GCV)

(Both are servo controlled by signals from Speedtronic control panel and actuated by spring acting hydraulic cylinders moving against springloaded valve plugs)

GCV controls the desired gas fuel flow in response to the FSR command signal. SRV is designed to maintain a predetermined pressure (P2) at the inlet of the GCV as a function of turbine speed

P1

P2
SRV GCV

P3

Fuel Supply

To Turbine

Fuel Gas System

Gas Fuel System consists of

Fuel handling components

Gas Strainer Control valve assembly Three pressure gauges

- Speed Ratio/Stop Vlv assembly - Dump valves -

Gas manifold with pigtails to respective fuel nozzles

Electrical control components

Gas supply press sw 63FG

- Fuel gas press xducer(s) 96FG

Gas fuel vent sol valve 20VG -LVDTs 96GC-1,2 & 96SR-1,2 Electro hydraulic servo vlv 90SR & 65GC Speedtronic control cards TBQB and TCQC

Fuel Gas System P&ID

FPRG POS2 FPG TCQC SPEED RATIO VALVE CONTROL POS1 FSR2 TCQC GAS CONTROL VALVE SERVO TCQC GAS CONTROL VALVE POSITION FEEDBACK

TBQB

96FG-2A 96FG-2B 96FG-2C TRANSDUCERS

20 VG

VENT Gas Control Valve COMBUSTION CHAMBER

63FG-3

Stop Ratio Valve

GAS

P2
LVDTS 96SR-1.2 TRIP Vh5-1 Dump Relay 90SR SERVO Hydraulic Supply 90GC SERVO LVDTS 96GC-1.2

GAS MANIFOLD

Gas Control Valve

Gas Control Valve

GCV position is proportional to FSR2 GCV will open only when permissive L4, L20FGX and L2TVX (purge complete) are true.

(Actuation of spring-loaded GCV is by a hydraulic cylinder controlled by an Electro-hydraulic servo valve)

Stroke of the valve is proportional to FSR

OFFSET GAIN

<RST> <RST> HI SEL TBQC

FSR2 L4 L3GCV

FSROUT

FSR2 goes through Fuel splitter algorithm. TCQC converts FSROUT to an analog signal. GAS GCV stem position is sensed by LVDTs and P2 fed back to an op-amp on TCQC card to compare with FSROUT input signal at summing junction. Op-amp on TCQC converts error signal and sends to servo valve to drive GCV accordingly.

Analog I/O

GCV

GCV Position Loop Calibration

LVDTS 96GC -1,-2

Servo Valve

LVDT Position

FSR

Speed Ratio/Stop Valve

It is dual function valve

TNH
GAIN OFFSET
+ -

<RST>

<RST>

(It serves as a pressure regulating valve to hold a desired fuel gas pressure ahead of GCV)

FPRG
FPG

D A HI SEL

As a Stop Valve
- integral part of protection system

L4
L3GCV

Speed Ratio/Stop Vlv has Two control loops Position loop similar to GCV Pressure control loop
Fuel gas pressure P2 at the inlet of GCV is controlled by the pressure loop as a function of turbine speed (in proportion to the turbine speed TNH) to become Gas fuel press Ref FPRG TCQC card converts FPRG to analog signalP2 (FPG) is compared to the FPRG and the error signal is in turn compared with the 96SR LVDT feedback to reposition the valve as in GCV loop

POS2

SRV
GAS

96FG-2A 96FG-2B 96FG-2C

Op Cyl Posn
Trip Oil

96SR-1,2 LVDTs
Dump Relay

Analog I/O Module

TBQB

During a trip or no-run condition, a posive voltage bias is placed on servo coils holding them in the valve closed position

Servo Valve

SRV Pres Calibration Hydraulic Oil

P2 TNH

P2 = (FPKGNG x TNH) + FPKGNO

GCV & SRV schematic

GAS FUEL CONTROL VALVE GAS CONTROL FQROUT SERVO GAS CONTROL VALVE VALVE OUTPUT COMMAND OUTPUT

GAS FUEL REFERENCE

GAS CONTROL VALVE POSITION

GAS RATIO VALVE CONTROL GAS REQUIRED PRESSURE SPEED CONTROL VALVE` OUTPUT SPEED RATIO VALVE SERVO COMMAND MIDVALVE GAS FUEL PRESSURE OUTPUT

SPEED RATIO VALVE POSITION

Duel Fuel Control

Turbines designed to operate on both liquid and gaseous fuel systems are equipped with Control software accordingly.

Control software performs the following:

Transfer of one fuel to other on command Allow time for filling lines with the type of fuel to which turbine operation is being transferred. Mixed fuel operation Operation of liquid fuel nozzle purge when operating totally on gas fuel.

Software programming involves:

Fuel splitter Fuel transfer- Liquid to Gas Liquid fuel purge Fuel transfer-Gas to Liquid Mixed fuel operation logics and algorithms

Fuel splitter - software

FSR is splitter into two signals FSR1 & FSR2 to provide dual fuel operation. <RST>
FUEL SPLITTER

A=B

FSR is multiplied by the liquid fuel fraction FX1 to produce FSR1signal FSR1 is then subtracted from the FSR signal to generate FSR2 signal

L84TG Total Gas L84TL Total LIQ

MAX.LIMIT MIN.LIMIT L83FZ Permissives

RAMP

A=B

MEDIAN SELECT

Rate

L83FG Gas Select

FSR = FSR1 + FSR2

L83FL Liquid Select FSR

LIQ Ref FSR1 FSR2 GAS Ref

Fuel Transfer - Liquid to Gas, Gas to Liquid

Fuel transfer from Liquid to Gas
GT running on Liquid (FSR1) and GAS transfer selected. FSR1 will remain at its initial value, FSR2 will step-up to slightly greater than Zero value (0.5%). This opens the GCV slightly to bleed down the inter valve volume. The presence of a high pressure than that required by the SRV would cause slow response in initiating gas flow. After delay of 30 sec to bleed down the P2 pressure and fill the gas supply line, the software program ramps the fuel commands FSR2 to increase and FSR1 to decrease at a programmed rate through median select gate. Fuel transfer completes in 30 sec.
UNITS

Transfer from Full Gas to Full Liquid

FSR2

FSR1 PURGE SELECT DISTILLATE FSR1 TIME

Transfer from Full Liquid to Full Gas.

UNITS

FSR2 PURGE SELECT GAS TIME

Transfer from Full Liquid to Mixture.

FSR1 UNITS

FSR2
PURGE SELECT GAS TIME SELECT MIX

Fuel Control System

Liquid fuel Purge

To prevent the coking of the liquid fuel nozzles

Mixed fuel Operation

Gas Turbine can be operated on both GAS & LIQ in any proportion when operator choses to be on MIX mode. Limits of fuel mixture are required to ensure proper combustion, gas fuel distribution and gas nozzle flow velocities. % of gas flow must be increased as load is decreased to maintain the minimum pressure ratio across the fuel nozzle.

Modulated Inlet Guide Vane System

IGV system

Bang-Bang type (2 position) Modulated acceleration of turbine at rated speed., loading and unloading of the generator deceleration of gas turbine proper flows and pressures, and thus the stresses in the compressor. Maintains minimum pressure drop across fuel nozzles in Combined cycle operations maintains high exhaust temperatures at low loads.

IGV modulates during

IGV modulation maintains

Modulated Inlet Guide Vane Control

IGV Operation:
During start-up IGV is fully closed (34) from 0% to 83% of corrected speed. Turbine speed is corrected to reflect the air conditions at 80F, this compensates for changes in air density as ambient conditions change. HYD.
SUPPLY

<RST> CSRGV CSRGV

<RST> IGV REF

D/A HIGH SELECT

CSRGVOUT

Analog I/O

HM 3-1

CLOSE

At Amb.Temp >80F TNHCOR < TNH At Amb.Temp <80F TNHCOR > TNH Above 83% IGV open at 6.7 per % increase in TNHCOR.

I FH6 O N -1 U T

OPEN

90TV-1
2 1 A OLT-1

TRIP OIL

VH3-1

IGV open to minimum full speed angle 57 and stop opening at 91% TNH

D OD

C2

ORIFICES (2)

Inlet Guide Vane Operation

By not allowing the guide vanes to close to an angle less than than the min full speed angle at 100%TNH, a min press drop is maintained across the fuel nozzles, thereby lessening combustion system resonance.
For Simple Cycle operation IGV move to full open position at preselected exhaust temperature, usually 700F. For Combined Cycle operation, IGV begins to move to full open pos. as exh.temp approaches Temp. Control ref. temperature
(Normally IGVs begin open when Tx is within 30F of temp control Ref.) 0 Fuel Open Max. Angle Combined Cycle (TTRX)

Simple Cycle (CSKGVSSR) MIN Full Speed Angle Startup Program

Region Of Negative 5th Stage Extraction Pressure

100
100 BASE LOAD EXHUAST TEMPERATURE

Corrected Speed -% 0 (TNCHOR) FSNL

IGV Control Schematic

Temp. Control Feedback

IGV Position

Temp. Control Reference

Manual Command

Compressor Inlet Temp.

Inlet Guide Vane Ref.

Servo IGV Output Command

IGV Reference

Speed

IGV Part IGV Part Speed Ref. Speed Ref.

Wet Low NOx Control

Gas dP Gas Press Gas Gas Fuel Flow Gas Temp

Flow
Liq Fuel Flow Humidity Power Augmentation Flow

Injection Flow

Required Injection Flow

Basic Injection Flow + _

Dead band Controller Lower

Injection Flow

Water Flow Injection Flow

Steam Steam Press Steam Temp

Select

Steam Flow

Protection Systems

Turbine protection system consists of number of subsystems

which operate during each normal start-up and shutdown

Few operate strictly during emergency and abnormal operating conditions. Detect and alarm the failure.
If the failure is of serious nature, protection system will trip the turbine. Simple trip signals like

Protection systems are set up to

Protection system responds to:

low lube oil press switch high gas compressor discharge pressure etc.

Protection Systems

More Complex parameters like

Over speed Over temperature High Vibration, Combustion monitor Loss of flame etc..

To ensure the safety and safe operation of turbine Speedtronic system is equipped with master control and protection circuit

Protection Systems

Turbine Protection systems includes:

Trip Oil

Inlet orifice, Check Valves & Orifice network Pressure switches Dump valves

Over speed Protection

Electronic Over speed trip Mechanical Over speed bolt Over temperature alarm (L30TXA) Over temperature Trip (L86TXT)

Over temperature Protection

Flame Detection and Protection System

Protection Systems

Vibration Protection

High Vibration Alarm & Trip Vibration transducer fault Alarm Spread calculations Exhaust Thermocouple Trouble Alarm Combustion Trouble Alarm High Exhaust Temperature Spread Trip Spread monitor enable

Primary OS Over temp Vibra tion Comb Monitor

Master Prot. Circuit <RST>

GCV

Gas Fuel Control Valve Gas Fuel Speed Ratio/ Stop Valve

SRV

Combustion monitoring

Relay Voting Module

20 FG

Sec OS Loss Of Flame

Master Prot. Circuit <XYZ>

Bypass Valve Servo valve

FUEL PUMP

Relay Voting Module

20 FL

Liquid Fuel Stop Valve

Trip Oil System

It is a primary protection interface between the turbine control and protection system and the components of the turbine which admit or shut-off, fuel. System devices are electrically operated by Speedtronic control system as well as some totally mechanical devices.
Protective Signals Master Protection L4 Circuits Orifice And Check Valve Network

Manual Trip (When Provided)

20 FG

20 FL

Liquid Fuel

Liquid Fuel Stop Valve

63HL

INLET ORIFICE OVERSPEED TRIP 12HA 63HG

Gas fuel

Gas Fuel Speed Ratio/ Stop Value

RESET Manual Trip

Gas Fuel Dump Relay Valve

OH

Over Speed Protection

Electronic Over speed function is performed in <RST> and <XYZ>.

TNH TNKHOS TNKHOST LK3HOST L86MR1

<RST> <XYZ> High Pressure Over Speed Trip HP Speed A Trip Setpoint Test Test Premissive Master Reset
A>B

TNH is compared with TNKHOS. When TNH>TNKHOS, turbine is tripped and latched till Reset. ELECTRICAL OVERSPEED TRIP is displayed in CRT.

L12H To Master Set Prot And And Latch Alarm Msg

Reset

OLT 12HP Manual Reset Manual Trip

Mechanical Over speed system Consists of

OD Overspeed Bolt

Over speed bolt assembly in accessory gear box. Over speed trip mechanism in the assessory gear. Position limit switch 12 HA. Acts as a back-up control Trip setting > Electronic Setting

Over Temperature Protection

Protects GT against possible damages against Over firing.
1090 F
OVER-TEMP. TRIP & ALARM. TTXM TTXOT3 ALARM A A>B B L30TXA ALARM To Alarm Message And Speed Setpoint Lower

TTRXB

ISO TRIP 40F

TTXOT2

A A>B B A A>B B

O R Set And Latch Reset

TTREF
1030F

TTXOT1 L86MR1

TRIP Isothermal

To Master Prot. And Alarm Msg

25F

TRIP
ALARM CONTROL

CPD

It is a backup protection system, operates only after the failure of temperature control system.

Flame Detection & Protection

Speedtronic Mark-V flame detectors perform two functions

One in the Sequencing system other in Protective system

Flame detected by UV radiation.

Speedtronic control furnish +350VDC to drive the UV detector tube. In the presence of UV radiation, the gas in the detector tube ionizes and conducts current. Speedtronic counts the no.of current pulses/sec through UV sensor.

Typically 300 pulses/sec when strong UV signal is present.

Flame Detection & Protection

Speedtronic MK-V Flame Detection TUEBINE PROTECTION LOGIC 28FD UV SCANNER

<P>
ANALOG I/O (Flame Detection Channes)

28FD UV SCANNER

28FD UV SCANNER

FLAME DETECTION LOGIC

CRT DISPLAY

28FD UV SCANNER

TURBINE CONTROL LOGIC

NOTE: Excitation for the sensor and signal processing is performed by SPEEDTRONIC Mk V circuits

Vibration Protection
Gas Turbine unit comprises

<RST>

Several independent vibration channels Each channel detects excessive vibration by a seismic pickup Each channel includes one vibration pickup (velocity type) and a Speedtronic Mark-V amplifier circuit. Vibration detectors generate a relatively low voltage by the relative motion of a permanent magnet suspended in a coil and therefore no excitation is required. Vibration protection system trips the turbine when vibration level exceeds predetermined level.

30V

L30TEST OR FAULT L39VF

FAULT

A VF A<B B A VA A>B B A VT A>B B AND TRIP

ALARM TRIP

ALARM L39VA
SET AND L39VT LATCH RESET

Auto Or Manual Reset

Speedtronic control generates

High Vibration Trip Vibration Transducer Fault

Combustion Monitoring
<RST>

Primary function

Combustion Monitor Algorithm

to reduce the likelihood of extensive damage to the gas turbine if the combustion system deteriorates. Continuously examines the exhaust temperature and compressor discharge temperature thermocouples Reliability of combustion monitor depends on condition of exhaust thermocouples. Several software programs are written to achieve this

CTDA
TTKSPL1 TTKSPL2 Median Select Calculate Allowable Spread Median Select

TTXSPL

TTXC
TTKSPL5 TTKSPL7 Constants

TTXD2
Calculate Actual Spreads

A A>B B A A>B B A A>B B A A>B B

L60SP1

L60SP2
L60SP3 L60SP4

Combustion Monitoring
1 High 18 Low

Actual Spreads TTXSP1 = High - Low TTXSP2 = High - 2nd Low TTXSP3 = High - 3rd Low Allowable Spread (Spread Limit) TTXSPL = Based on CTD & TTXM

ALARM - TTXSP1 => TTXSPL TRIP - TTXSP1 > TTXSPL and TTXSP2 > 80% of TTXSPL and Low TC is physically next to the second to low TC TRIP - TTXSP2 > 80% of TTXSPL and one TC is failed and 2nd lowest TC next to 3rd to lowest TC (a failed TC is defined as TTXSP1 > 5 x TTXSPL) TRIP - TTXSP3 > 80% of TTXSPL

Trip Functions
Primary Over speed Detected Emergency Over speed Detected Loss Of Speed Signal Vibration Trip Exhaust Over temp Trip Differential Expansion Trip Low Lube Oil Level Trip Low Lube Oil Pressure Trip Low Servo Pressure Trip Axial Position Trip Generator Differential Fault Manual Trip Customer Trip

OR

TRIP TURBINE