2013/3/4

Security Level: Internal Use Only

Ethernet Service and Networking Application

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Preface
With the rapid development of the Internet, various types of broadband access and applications emerge. Meanwhile, high-speed network interconnection is required by more and more companies who locate their offices in different places. Thus, the narrowband data communication can not meet such requirement. under such circumstances, the multi-service transmission platform (MSTP) technology emerges. With the MSTP technology, different types of Ethernet services can be processed and transmitted over the SDH platform.

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Study Guide

This course aims at the optical network products, Ethernet services and Ethernet networking application. Before studying this course, you should learn Data Feature Theory first. You should pay special attention to and grasp the networking application of various Ethernet services. In this course, you may find it difficult to set up Ethernet networks flexibly according to the corresponding application scenarios of Ethernet services.

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References

OptiX OSN 1500/2500/3500/7500 Technical Manual Networking and Application

OptiX OSN 1500/2500/3500/7500 Configuration Guide

OptiX OSN 9500 Configuration Guide

OptiX 2500+ (Metro3000) Technical Manual Networking and Application

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Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you are able to:

Understand three basic theologies of the MSTP. Know three types of services transmitted by the optical network transmission equipment.

Grasp three types of Ethernet services and their corresponding application scenarios.

Distinguish various Ethernet service networking modes.

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Contents

Ethernet Terminologies Key MSTP Technologies Ethernet Service Classification

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Ethernet Terminologies

Physical Port

The Ethernet physical interface is used as the external port on the board, which is also called client-side interface or user-side interface. Currently, the most widely used interfaces are the 10M interface, FE and GE.

VCTRUNK

A virtual container trunk (VCTRUNK) is a transmission channel realized through virtual containers (VCs). The VCTRUNK channel can be realized by either the contiguous concatenation technology or the virtual concatenation technology. In virtual concatenation, several virtually concatenated VCs are regarded as one transmission channel.

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Structure of the Ethernet Unit

Collect alarms and performance events

Send to the cross-connect unit

FE

GFP-F
NVC12/VC3/ VC4

FE GE

N X VC4

VCTRUNK Port Note: Both of the external and VCTRUNK can be configured with a Tag attribute.

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Ethernet Terminologies-Tag Attribute (1)

Tag flag is used to identify the type of data packets. Three types of Tag attributes are available: Tag aware, Access, and Hybrid.

Tag awareWhen the port is set to Tag aware, the port transparently transmits the data packets with the VLAN ID and discards the data packets without the VLAN ID.

AccessWhen the port is set to Access, the port attaches the PVID to the data packets without the VLAN ID and discards the data packets with the VLAN ID.

HybridWhen the port is set to Hybrid, the port attaches the default VLAN ID to the data packets without the VLAN ID and transparently transmits the data packets with the VLAN ID.

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Ethernet Terminologies-Tag Attribute (2)

Packet Tag Port Tag aware (In) Tag aware (Out) Access (In) Access (Out) Hybrid (In) Transmit transparently Transmit transparently Discard Delete the VLAN ID Transmit transparently If the VLAN ID is the same, strip the Hybrid (Out) VLAN ID. Otherwise, transmit the data packets transparently. Discard Attach the default VLAN ID Attach the default VLAN ID Untag

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Questions

What is the difference between the physical port and the VCTRUNK? Which attribute should the physical port be set to when multiple VLAN data packets need be transmitted at the opposite port?

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Summary

In this section, we learn about:

Port types of the Ethernet board used for the transmission equipment Attributes of the port on the Ethernet board Basic structure of the Ethernet board

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Contents

Ethernet Terminologies Key MSTP Technologies Ethernet Service Classification

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Key MSTP Technologies

Concatenation
The concatenation technology integrates virtual containers of the same granularity to form a greater container, that is, the virtual concatenation group (VCG). In this way, the higher bandwidth utilization is realized.

LCAS
The link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) provides a solution for adjusting the bandwidth flexibly and dynamically. Moreover, it provides an error tolerance mechanism to enhance the robustness of virtual concatenation.

GFP
The Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) indicates a general mechanism where the burst Ethernet services of various lengths are adapted for the SDH transmission network.

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Virtual Concatenation

The data packets are transmitted in multiple VC-4/VC-3/VC-12 channels. Each VC-4/VC-3/VC-12 contains its own overheads. The data transmission is supported by the source and sink nodes. At intermediate nodes, the data is transmitted transparently.

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Adjacent Concatenation

Data packets are Transmitted in one STM-N frame. Only one group of POH overheads are available. The transmission must be supported by the intermediate equipment.

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Relation of the Virtual Concatenation and VCTRUNK

VCTRUNK Virtual Concatenation

Cross-

4FE
Optical interface

Connect

PHY
Network processor
RGGI

chip

Mapping

interface conversion chip

CrossConnect chip

Chip

XCS

PHY

8FE (Electrical port Interface board

The VCTRUNK can be regarded as the physical channel of the virtual concatenation. The corresponding standard name is the virtual concatenation group (VCG).

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LCAS
O pt i X O pt i X

MSTP

NE1
Normal status

NE2

MSTP
O pt i X

O pt i X

NE2 NE1
Link fault
The LCAS can dynamically adjust (add, delete, or modify) the service bandwidth without affecting the availability of the existing service. The LCAS can shield the faulty path to avoid service interruption when a physical path fails. When the faulty members are recovered, LCAS can automatically and quickly restore the bandwidth of the virtual concatenation group. Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) is a method for adjusting the link capacity, which is an extension of the virtual concatenation technology that enhances the concatenation function.

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GFP
MPLS Header

+ +

Payload

GFP Header

Payload Payload

SDH Header

The Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) provides a universal mechanism that adapts the high-level user information flow into the transport network. The burst Ethernet frames of different lengths are quite different SDH frames that comply with synchronization strictly. Thus, several proper protocols are used to map Ethernet signals into SDH frames. The GFP is one of such protocols to complete the mapping.

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Two Working Modes of the GFP

The GFP works in two modes:

The frame-mapped GFP (GFP-F) is a PDU-oriented (such as the IP/PPP, and Ethernet)
processing mode.

The transparent GFP (GFP-F) is a data-coding-block-oriented (such as FC and ESCON)

processing mode.

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Ethernet Frame Encapsulated into the GFP Frame

Ethernet MAC Frame Octets 2 2 2 2 0 - 60 GFP Frame PLI cHEC Type tHEC GFP Extension Hdr

Octets 7 1 6 6 2

Preamble Start of Frame Delimiter Destination Address (DA) Source Address (SA) Length/Type MAC client data Pad Frame Check Sequence (FCS)

GFP Payload

Bit #

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

The preamble code and code in front of the Ethernet frame are stripped off.
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GFP Frame Encapsulated to the SDH Frame

C-n

GFP Frame GFP Idle

Core Header

Payload Area

Based on the HEC delimitation mode, frame length identifier and CRC capture mode, it applies the same method that is used for the ATM, which is more effective than the special frame identifier for delimitation. The empty frame is used for rate adaptation, that is, encapsulating the PDU of different lengths into the SDH frame of the certain length.

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Questions

The delay of the adjacent concatenation service and the delay of the virtual concatenation service, which one is longer? What is the main function of the LCAS? Among the key MSTP technologies, which technology is used to adapt the burst Ethernet signals of different lengths to the SDH frame that keeps synchronization strictly?

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Summary

In this section, we learn about:

Virtual concatenation LCAS GFP encapsulation

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Contents

Ethernet Terminologies Key MSTP Technologies Ethernet Service Classification

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Contents

Ethernet Service Classification

Service overview EPL service EVPL service EPLAN service EVPLAN service

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Overview
EPL: Ethernet private line EPLAN: Ethernet private LAN

EVPL: Ethernet virtual private line

EVPLAN: Ethernet virtual private LAN

Refer to: G.8010/Y.1306 (G.ethna) G.8011 (G.ethsrv)

G.8012.1 (G.eota.1)
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EPL
Definition
The Ethernet private line EPL, occupying a VCTRUNK bandwidth exclusively, provides the user with the point-to-point transmission of low delay and high security.

EPL Classification
Point-to-Point EPLPoint-to-point transmission over the Ethernet port Port Shared EPL Share one port with different VLAN IDs VCTRUNK shared EPL Share one VCTRUNK with different VLAN

IDs.

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Point to Point EPL

A B Point-to-Point transmission without sharing
PORT1 PORT2

T2000 NE1 NP Chain NE2 2f MS_SP Ring NE4

PORT1 PORT2

NE5

NE3

A VCTRUNK Service A

Service B

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Port Shared EPL

C (HQ.) Share one external port with different VLAN IDs.
PORT3

T2000
C(1) C(2)
PORT4

NE 1
NE2 2f MS_SP Ring NE4

PORT3

NP Chain NE3

NE5

VCTRUNK

C & C(1) Service

C & C(2) Service

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VCTRUNK Shared EPL

Share one VCTRUNK with different VLAN IDs T2000 D
PORT1

NE1 NP Chain NE2 2f MS_SP Ring NE4 NE5

E
PORT2

NE3

PORT1

PORT2

VCTRUNK

D & D Service

E & E Service

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Questions

How many types of EPL can be provided and what about their features? Which EPL is used to separate services over the VCTRUNK? If data packets accessed from the client side have the same VLAN ID, is it possible to use EPL over the same VCTRUNK?

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EVPL
Definition
The Ethernet virtual private line (EVPL) is also called the VPN private line.
The advantage of EVPL is that multiple services can share a VCTRUNK channel. In this case, one MAC port can provide several point-to-point service connections, and such connections have the same performance in each direction. The access bandwidth is adjustable and manageable. Services can be converged and thus port resources can be saved.

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Comparison of the EPL and EVPL

Application
Point to point Port shared VCTRUNK shared MPLS QinQ EPL Supported Supported Supported Not supported Not supported EVPL Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported

The EVPL can realize all networking modes of the EPL. Moreover, it can realize other modes that the EPL cannot realize.

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EVPLMPLS Concepts
MPLS network IP PE P P PE

LSP
MPLS

MPLS: Multi-protocol label switching, a standardized platform of routing and switching technologies 20 Tunnel/VC: Two types of MPLS labels, with a value range from 16 to 2 LSP: Label switching path, assigned with specific labels at different nodes; Data forwarding is based on these labels, and the path of the data flow is called the LSP. P/PE: Provider (P) is the internal node of an MPLS network, and provider edge (PE) is the edge of an MPLS network.

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EVPLChannel Shared and MPLS

Channel shared and MPLS labels:

Channel sharedWhen multiple users share a VCTRUNK channel, their data are distinguished and forwarded according to VLAN IDs or MPLS labels. In this case, although multiple users share a VCTRUNK, the users have the same quality of service as a private line.

MPLS labels: MPLS labels are used to distinguish the data that belong to different users
when the data have the same VLAN ID in one shared channel.

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EVPL Application

More than one user share a VC trunk, so it is applicable to the case that multiple users have a VLAN ID. As shown in the following figure, companies A and B share VCTRUNK1 and have the same VLAN ID. The two companies services are isolated by MPLS labels.
Tunnel A VLAN ID=11 VC 55 25 A VLAN ID=11

A2

VCTRUNK
NE1 B VLAN ID=11 Tunnel VC 55 26

SDH network

NE2 B VLAN ID=11

OptiX OSN3500 Service link

Page 37

L2 switch

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Questions

What is the difference between EPL and EVPL? Can EPL/EVPL be used to realize interconnections between the headquarters and branches? If yes, how can the interconnections be realized?

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EPLAN
Definition
The Ethernet private LAN (EPLAN) is also called Layer 2 switching service, realizing the point-to-multipoint service connection. The access bandwidth is adjustable and manageable, and services can be converged. Similar to EPL, EPLAN has the advantage of high security by occupying a VCTRUNK bandwidth exclusively.

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EPLAN Application

The application of Ethernet private local area network (EPLAN) is shown in the following
figure. Three branches of company A can access each other, and the Ethernet board of NE3 needs to accomplish the Ethernet Layer 2 switching function. F(1) & F(2) Service
NE1

F(3) & F(2) Service

VCTRUNK1 VB PORT1

T2000
VB VCTRUNK1

F(1) & F(3) Service

VCTRUNK

NE2

PORT1

2f MS_SP Ring
PORT1

NE4
PORT1

NE3 F(1)
PORT1
VCTRUNK1 VB

NE5

F(3)

VCTRUNK2

F(2)

PORT1

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EPLANMAC Address Self-Learning

MAC Add.
MACA MACB MACC

Port
1 1 2 2

MACD

MACA
Port 1

MACD

Port 2

Layer 2 Switch MACA

MACD

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EPLAN-VB/LP

VB: the Virtual bridge (VB) is used to realize the Layer 2 switching feature
of the board. One data board can configure N x VB and each VB contains M x LP. Moreover, the data in different VB is isolated.

LP: Logical Port, the logical port of VB.

VB1 LP1 LP2 Data Board LP5 LP6 LP4 VCG

PORT

VB3
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EPLAN- Layer 2 Filtering Table

Layer 2 filtering table: The Layer 2 filtering table, based on the VB, is also called the VLAN filtering table. Filtering indicates the data of some VLAN IDs can be forwarded among some LPs. An LP may belong to more than one VLAN filtering table in a VB.

Mounting: By mounting ports and VCTRUNK ports to LPs in a specified VB, data forwarding relations are established.

Port mounting

VLAN filtering table

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EPLANRSTP/STP

RSTP/STP: Rapid/Spanning tree protocol is used to interrupt the backup links to

eliminate Ethernet service loop in the network. When the current working link is faulty, the protection link is activated for network communication.

ROOT

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Questions

What is the advantage of EPLAN when compared with EPL? What is the working mechanism of EPLAN? If the current network bandwidth is insufficient and two companies with the same VLAN ID must share one VCTRUNK, can EPLAN be

used to transmit services of two companies?

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EVPLAN

Definition
Ethernet Virtual Private LAN (EVPLAN) is used to realize multipointto-multipoint service communications. The embedded MPLS technology separates the signals among different users. Thus, EVPLAN is a service type that cannot be realized by EPLAN.

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Comparison Between the EPLAN and EVPLAN

Application
Port shared VCTRUNK shared MPLS

EPLAN
Supported Supported Not supported

EVPLAN
Supported Supported Not supported

In terms of the networking mode, the EVPLAN can differ and forward data from different users by using MPLS labels, while the EPLAN cannot perform such function.

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EVPLAN

Ethernet Virtual Private Local Area Network (EVPLAN) is called EVPLAN for short. As shown in the following figure, separated by MPLS labels, services of

companies A and B share one VCTRUNK in transmission. The four branches

of company A need to access each other, and the four branches of company B also need to access each other.
Internet network

NE1

A VLAN ID=22 B VLAN ID=22

NE2

NE4

C VLAN ID=11

EVPLAN
C VLAN ID=11

NE3

Configuration note: The VCTRUNK must be configured in the MESH structure.

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Questions

What is the difference between EPL and EVPL? Why the full MESH structure need be configured at the VCTRUNK for the EVPLAN?

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Summary

In this section, we learn about:

Various types of Ethernet service s Networking applications of various Ethernet services

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Summary of the Course

In this course, we learned about:

Key MSTP technologies Ethernet classification Networking applications of various Ethernet services

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Thank You
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