EUKARYOTIC CELL

Eukaryote cells are an organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within a membrane. The key difference of this membrane bound structure that sets it apart from prokaryotic cells is its nucleus, within which the genetic material is carried,
Some key features of the Eukaryotic cell are:

Typically much larger than those of prokaryotes All large complex organisms are eukaryotes Have a variety of membrane-bound structures, collectively referred to as the endomembrane system cytoskeleton which play an important role in defining the cell's organization and shape Eukaryotic DNA is divided into several linear bundles called chromosomes

EUKARYOTIC CELL DIAGRAMS

EUKARYOTIC CELL POINTS OF INTEREST:

Nucleus: A double membrane bound control center separating the genetic material from the rest of the cell. Plasma membrane: Structure that separates the innards and outer surface of the cell. Also controls traffic of materials into and out of the cell. Cytoplasm: A mixture of organic and inorganic materials called Cytosol. It has less of a thickness than that of the Prokaryotes and is constantly in motion; this movement allows organelles to interact with one another. Cytoskeleton: A network of micro tubes which maintains the cell's shape, protects it, enables the cells motion.

Cilia and Flagella: The External appendages aid in motion of the cell, adhesion and movement of materials on the outside of the cell. Ribosomes: Tiny cellular structures involved in making proteins under the instruction of DNA. They are either attached to the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum or floating free in the Cytoplasm. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts: Power houses of the cell organelles that release ATP. Chloroplasts are organelles in plant that run sunlight into ATP energy.

EUKARYOTIC CELL CYCLE

The Eukaryotic cell cycle is longer the Prokaryote's and is divided into two major phases:

Before a cell can enter cell division, it needs to take in nutrients. All of the preparations are done during the interphase. Interphase proceeds in three stages, G1, S, and G2
S-Phase - DNA replication occurs during this phase G2 Phase - During the gap between DNA synthesis and mitosis, the cell will continue to grow. M Phase - Cell growth stops at this stage and cellular energy is focused on the orderly division into two daughter cells. G1 Phase - Cells resume growth and increase in size in Gap 1. The G1 checkpoint control mechanism ensures that everything is ready for DNA synthesis.

PROKARYOTIC CELL
Prokaryotic cells are Single-celled organisms that are the earliest and most primitive forms of life on earth. They include bacteria and Achaeans. Prokaryotic cells are able to live and thrive in various types of environments including extreme habitats such as hydrothermal vents, hot springs, swamps, wetlands, and the intenstines of animals.

Some key features of the Prokaryotic cell are:

not as complicated as eukaryotes They have no true nucleus as the DNA is not contained within a membrane or separated from the rest of the cell DNA is coiled up in a region of the cytoplasm called - NUCLEOID Two major kinds of prokaryotes: bacteria and Achaea (single-celled organisms)

PROKARYOTIC CELL DIAGRAMS

Nucleoid: DNA. Ribosomes:

Flagella are long appendages which rotate by means of a Rotator located just under the cytoplasmic membrane. Bacteria may have one, a few or many, in different positions on the cell.

They give the cytoplasm of bacteria a granular appear Plasma membrane ancein electron micrographs - translate the genetic This is a lipid bilayer much like the cytoplasmic message in RNA to produce proteins. (plasma) membrane of other cells. There are numerous proteins moving within or upon this Storage granules: layer that is primarily responsible for transporting Nutrients in cytoplasm in the form of glycogen, lipids iron, nutrients and waste across the membrane or sulfur or nitrogen.* Cell wall: Endospore: This cell wall maintains the overall shape of a bacterial Spores which are highly resistant to drought and high cell. The primary shapes in bacteria are temperature Coccus(Spherical), Bacillus (Rod-shaped) and Spirillum ( Spiral). Mycoplasma are bacteria that Pili have no cell wall, which means that have no definite shape. These hollow, hair like structures made of protein, allow bacteria to attach to other cells. Flagella:

PROKARYOTIC CELL CYCLE

Binary fission is a type of cell division in which a parent cell copies its genetic material, then divides, transforming into two daughter cells, each new cell having one complete copy of the genetic instructions necessary to run the cell. Steps: 1. The parent cell grows to its maximum size. 2. The cell duplicates its chromosomes, the two molecules of DNA are attached to the cell's plasma membrane. 3. The cell then grows, increasing the distance between the chromosomes.

4. A new cell wall called Septum begins to grow across the middle of the cell.
5.The daughter cells either remain attached but are independent cells or separate.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fig 1 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/microarray/biology_intro_files/cell.jpe Fig 2 http://www.conservapedia.com/images/e/ed/Animal_cell.png Fig 3 http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol114/Chap07/cellcycle.gif Fig 4 http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_AB1PbG5fveg/S9k1NmPjEJI/AAAAAAAAAMQ/rEY77NEVmOk/s1600/mitosis_phases1.jpg Fig 5 http://api.ning.com/files/V-WKbXgs4uXwKGUA1rJlmJg8rPJvfBgZHdpdPZHLqJvf1f9F4PNoIH3RYUw5h0pCMSz8tzxSjuvWTG8aCnwC8CQlNnaLK*/bio1001.image.prokaryote.jpg Fig 6 http://langlopress.net/homeeducation/resources/science/content/support/illustrations/Cell%20Structures/Prokaryotic%20 Cell.jpg Fig 7 http://gleesonbiology.pbworks.com/f/1159266492/binary%20fission.JPG