A disease of POOR

What is Tb?
A chronic granulomatous

condition primarily affecting lungs, causing Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Causative organism: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

WHY TUBERCULOSIS A MAJOR PROBLEM?

WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION SOCIO-ECONOMIC BURDEN

MORTALITY

About one third of the

current global population is infected asymptomatically with TB, out of which 5-10% develop clinical disease during their lifetime.

WHY MORE IN DEVELPOING COUNTREIS

Poverty
Malnutrition Indoor air pollution

Economic recession
Overcoming Tobacco Alcohol Diabetes

Cases of TB are on rise in Developed countries due to its lethal combination with HIV. .
WHO has launched global plan for STOP

TB STRATEGY , with the objective of reducing incidence of tuberculosis

INDIAN STATUS
HIGHEST TB burden country in the world.
In India today, two deaths occur every three minutes from tuberculosis (TB).

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INDICES
These are the parameters needed to measure the TB problem in a community as well as for planning and evaluation of control measures. Prevalence of infection-Tuberculin test Incidence of infection or tuberculin conversion index Prevalence of disease Incidence of new case Mortaliy Rate-not much importance now

Estimates of burden july2011

Number (thousands)

Rate (per 100,000 pop) 26(17-39) 256(161-373) 185(167-205) 9.2(6.1-13) 100

Mortality (excluding 320 (210-470) HIV) Prevalence (incliuding HIV) Incidence (including HIV) Incidence (HIV positive) Case detection, all forms(%) 3100(2000-4600) 2300(2000-2500) 110(75-160) 59(53-65)

EPIDEMOLOGICAL TRIAD

AGENT FACTORS
AGENT: M.tuberculosis

M.bovine SOURCE OF INFECTION: a)Human source-Sputum positive pulmonary TB patients. b)Bovine source-Infected Milk

HOST FACTORS
Age- affects all age group

increase in rate with increasing age Sex- Males> females Nutrition-malnutrition Immunity-Only if vaccinated by BCG

SOCIAL FACTORS
Poor quality of life
Poor housing Overcrowding

Population explosion
Undernutrition Lack of education Large families Early marriages Lack of awareness of causes of illness

RISK FACTORS
HIV or AIDS
One or more of the follwoing medical conditions. Intravenous drug users that are HIV positive.

Diabetes mellitus
Silicosis Renal failure Immunocompromised therapy Hematologic malignancy.

MODES OF TRANSMISSION
Droplet infection or

droplet nuclei generated by Sputum +ve cases.

 In India today, two deaths occur every three minutes from tuberculosis (TB). But these deaths can be prevented. With proper care and treatment, TB patients can be cured and the battle against TB can be won