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Chapter 8
Fluid Mechanics
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Section 1 Fluids and Buoyant Force
Section 2 Fluid Pressure
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Chapter 8 Objectives
Define a fluid.
Determine the magnitude of the buoyant force exerted on a floating object or a submerged object. Explain why some objects float and some objects sink.
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A fluid is a nonsolid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other, as in a gas or a liquid. Both liquids and gases are considered fluids because they can flow and change shape.
Liquids have a definite volume; gases do not.
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Chapter 8
Buoyant Force A bargain hunter purchases a gold crown at a flea market. After she gets home, she hangs the crown from a scale and finds its weight to be 7.84 N. She then weighs the crown while it is immersed in water, and the scale reads 6.86 N. Is the crown made of pure gold? Explain.
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Fg FB apparent weight
O FB f
Fg
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Chapter 8 Objectives
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Chapter 8 Pressure
Pressure is the magnitude of the force on a surface per unit area. F P A force pressure = area
Pascals principle states that pressure applied to a fluid in a closed container is transmitted equally to every point of the fluid and to the walls of the container.
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Pascals Principle
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Pressure, continued
Pressure varies with depth in a fluid.
The pressure in a fluid increases with depth.
P P0 gh absolute pressure = atmospheric pressure +
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Moving fluids can exhibit laminar (smooth) flow or turbulent (irregular) flow.
An ideal fluid is a fluid that has no internal friction or viscosity and is incompressible. The ideal fluid model simplifies fluid-flow analysis.
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Bernoullis Principle
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1. Which of the following is the correct equation for the net force acting on a submerged object? A. Fnet = 0 B. Fnet = (object fluid)gVobject C. Fnet = (fluid object)gVobject D. Fnet = (fluid + object)gVobject
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1. Which of the following is the correct equation for the net force acting on a submerged object? A. Fnet = 0 B. Fnet = (object fluid)gVobject C. Fnet = (fluid object)gVobject D. Fnet = (fluid + object)gVobject
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9. Will an ice cube float higher in water or in mercury? Explain your answer.
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Chapter 8
Extended Response
Base your answers to questions 1214 on the information below. Oil, which has a density of 930.0 kg/m3, floats on water. A rectangular block of wood with a height, h, of 4.00 cm and a density of 960.0 kg/m3 floats partly in the water, and the rest floats under the oil layer.
12. What is the balanced force equation for this situation?
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Chapter 8
Extended Response
Base your answers to questions 1214 on the information below. Oil, which has a density of 930.0 kg/m3, floats on water. A rectangular block of wood with a height, h, of 4.00 cm and a density of 960.0 kg/m3 floats partly in the water, and the rest floats under the oil layer.
12. What is the balanced force equation for this situation? Answer: FB,oil + FB,water = Fg,block
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