ECE 442 Power Electronics 1

Controlled-Rectifier Fed Drive

Armature Field
ECE 442 Power Electronics 2
Chopper-Fed Drive
Armature Field
ECE 442 Power Electronics 3
Equivalent Circuit of a Separately-Excited
DC Motor
ECE 442 Power Electronics 4
f
f f f f
a
a a a a g
g v f
d t f a
d L
di
v R i L
dt
di
v R i L e
dt
e K i
T K i i
d
T J B T
dt
e
e
e
= +
= + +
=
=
= + +
ECE 442 Power Electronics 5
0
f f f
g v f
a a a g
a a a v f
d t f a
d L
d d
Steady state
d
dt
V R I
E K I
V R I E
V R I K I
T K I I
T B T
P T
e
e
e
e

=
=
=
= +
= +
=
= +
=
ECE 442 Power Electronics 6
a a a v f
a a a a a a
v f
f
v
f
V R I K I
V I R V I R
K I
V
K
R
e
e
= +

= =
| |
|
|
\ .
Solve for the motor speed
ECE 442 Power Electronics 7
Control of the motor speed
Control armature
voltage, V
a

Voltage control
Control the field
current, I
f

Current control
Control the armature
current, I
a

a a a
f
v
f
V I R
V
K
R
e

=
| |
|
|
\ .
ECE 442 Power Electronics 8
Magnetization Characteristic
ECE 442 Power Electronics 9
Characteristics of Separately-Excited Motors
Rated
speed
Use field-current control
Use armature
voltage control
ECE 442 Power Electronics 10
Equivalent circuit of a DC Series Motor
ECE 442 Power Electronics 11
( )
( )
( )
g v a
a a f a g
a a f a v f
d t a f
d L
a a f a
v f
E K I
V R R I E
V R R I K I
T K I I
T B T
V R R I
K I
e
e
e
e
=
= + +
= + +
=
= +
+
=
ECE 442 Power Electronics 12
Controlling the Motor Speed
Control the armature
voltage, V
a




Control the armature
current, I
a

( )
( )
( )
g v a
a a f a g
a a f a v f
d t a f
d L
a a f a
v f
E K I
V R R I E
V R R I K I
T K I I
T B T
V R R I
K I
e
e
e
e
=
= + +
= + +
=
= +
+
=
ECE 442 Power Electronics 13
Characteristics of DC Series motors
ECE 442 Power Electronics 14
Operating Modes
In variable-speed applications, a dc motor
may be operating in one or more of the
following Modes

Motoring
Regenerative braking
Dynamic braking
Plugging

ECE 442 Power Electronics 15
Motoring Mode
Back emf, E
g
is < supply voltage V
a

Both I
a
and I
f
are positive
Developed torque meets load demand
ECE 442 Power Electronics 16
Regenerative Braking Mode
Motor acts as a Generator
E
g
becomes > supply Voltage V
a

I
a
becomes negative
Kinetic energy of the motor is returned to the supply
ECE 442 Power Electronics 17
Dynamic Braking
Replace the supply voltage with a resistor
Power dissipated in the resistor rather than given back
to the source
ECE 442 Power Electronics 18
Plugging
Reverse the armature terminals while running
V
a
and E
g
act in the same direction
I
a
is reversed, producing braking torque
ECE 442 Power Electronics 19
Four-Quadrant Operation
ECE 442 Power Electronics 20
Single-Phase DC Drive
Change V
a
by changing firing angle o
Inductor L
m
is a smoothing Inductor to prevent
discontinuous current

ECE 442 Power Electronics 21
Armature Reversal
ECE 442 Power Electronics 22
Field Reversal
ECE 442 Power Electronics 23
Single-Phase Half-Wave Converter Drive
(1 cos )
2
0
(1 cos )
0
m
a a
a
m
f f
f
V
V
V
V
o
t
o t
o
t
o t
= +
s s
= +
s s
ECE 442 Power Electronics 24
Quadrant of Operation
ECE 442 Power Electronics 25
Waveform Summary
ECE 442 Power Electronics 26
Single-Phase Semiconverter Drives
(1 cos )
0
(1 cos )
0
m
a a
a
m
f f
f
V
V
V
V
o
t
o t
o
t
o t
= +
s s
= +
s s
ECE 442 Power Electronics 27
Quadrant(s) of Operation
Semiconverter one quadrant converter
One polarity of output voltage and current
ECE 442 Power Electronics 28
Waveform Summary
ECE 442 Power Electronics 29
Single-Phase Full-Converter Drives
ECE 442 Power Electronics 30
Quadrant(s) of Operation
Full converter two quadrant converter
Output voltage polarity can be positive or negative
Output current has one polarity
ECE 442 Power Electronics 31
Waveform Summary
ECE 442 Power Electronics 32
Single-Phase Dual-Converter Drives
Dual converter can operate in all four quadrants
Output voltage and current can be positive or negative