United Arab Emirates University College of Engineering

Graduation Project Code: EEMI-9

Design a protection System of 220/33kV Grid Station

Project Advisor: Dr. Ahmed Gaouda
Saif Mohammed AL Aryani Ahmed Soruor AL Shamisi Mohammed AL Manei Madyan Ahmed Assirri
Examination Committee:
Dr. Muftah El-Naas Dr. Imad Barhumi Dr. Hassan Nikkhajoei

200304349 200304148 200204241 200337000

OUTLINE
Introduction Protection System Single Line Diagram of Ramah Grid Busbar Protection Transformer Protection Distance Protection Implementation Conclusion & Recommendations

Introduction
The graduation Project of our group is proposed from TRANSCO to UAE University. Transco Company is building now new Grid Substation in RAMAH to provide the enough power to that area.

Introduction
Substation is the place where the power is stepped up or down. Substation contains: Feeder Transformer Busbar Bus coupler. Other Protection equipment Ramah Grid Substation power is stepped down by transformers from 220 KV to 33 KV.

Introduction
Objectives
Design a complete Protection System of 220 KV / 33KV Grid Station using ADWEA standard.

Comparing the design results with existing systems and simulated results.

Implantations of the simulated results.

Introduction
Environmental Effects
Building a grid substation is very expensive. The protection of power system is the first thing that designer thinks about to safe the money and efforts. Any small mistake in the protection system can cause large damages and the designers will be blamed. The three goals of this protection are:

Safety of Humans Safety of Equipment Safety of Supply

Protection System
Complete arrangement of protection equipments and other devices. Protection Equipments:
Current & Voltage Transformers ( CT & VT ). Circuit Breaker (CB) Relay

Protection System
Relay
Relays are like human brain A device that measures the (Current or voltage) of the system.

Protection System
CT
CT steps down the current to small value to be Suitable to the relay.

Protection System
Circuit Breaker
A switch like a (fuse) that used to interrupt the current flow. It opens on Relay Command.

Protection System
Protection Zones
Reasons for Zones:
Amount of power carried Physical Structure. Function.

Single Line Diagram of RAMAH Grid

Bus-Bar Protection
Single Line Diagram
The busbar is a bar of copper or aluminum built in switchgear

Incoming1

Outgiong1

Incoming2

Outgiong2

Bus coupler

Bus-Bar Protection
In Fault Condition

All Circuit Breaker will open

Bus-Bar Protection
Simulated System in Normal Condition

Bus-Bar Protection
Simulated System in Fault Condition

Bus-Bar Protection
Logics of Busbar Protection
Tripping CBs

Incoming Current
Differential Current
0 A B Ctrl CB1 Ctrl = 1

I1 I2

D + + F

D + F

| X|

Ix

Delay Ix > Ioc T 0

1 2 TripSignal

I3

++ F

I4
I5

Outgoing Current

Bus-Bar Protection
Logics of Busbar Protection
Fault Starts after 1 s

CBs opens after 0.1 s from fault

Bus-Bar Protection

Simulation

Transformer Protection
The electrical protection of the Transformer comprises of the following:
Differential Current Protection.
REF (Restricted Earth Fault). AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator). Over current protection.

Transformer Protection
Differential Current Protection

Id = I1 I2 0

Transformer Protection
Simulated System

Transformer zone

Transformer Protection
Logics of Differential Protection

Transformer Protection
Over Current Protection
In the event of failure or nonavailability of the primary protection some other means of ensuring that the fault is isolated must be provided. These secondary systems are referred to as back-up protection. Back-up protection

Back- Up protection

Transformer Protection
Logics of Transformer Protection
Back- Up protection
B1

Transformer Protection
System in Normal Condition
Advanced Graph Frame

B1

1.5k 1.0k

CT1_a

CT1_a

y
CB1 1.0e-006
-0.5k -1.0k -1.5k 0.60 0.40 CT1_aa CT2_ab Id IP=0.155

y
#2 #1
-0.20 -0.40

#3

50 [MW]

50 [MVAR]

CB2

T3 1.0e-006
CT1

0.5k 0.0

0.20 0.00

-0.60 1.280 1.300 1.320 1.340 1.360 1.380 1.400 ... ... ...

CT2
1.0e-006 1.0e-006

Transformer Protection
System in differential fault condition
A dvanced Graph Fram e

B1

150.00k 100.00k

CT1_a

CT1_a

y
-50.00k -100.00k -150.00k

CB1

#1

#2

#3

CB2

50 [MW]

T3
1.0e-006

50.00k 0.00

300 200 100

Id

IP =0.155

1.0e-006
CT1

0 -100 -200 -300

0.960 0.980 1.000 1.020 1.040 1.060 1.080 1.100 1.120 1.140 1.160 ... ... ...

Advanced Graph Frame

CT2
1.0e-006 1.0e-006
50 [MVAR]

1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 0.980

SF

" 0.15 "

1.000

1.020

1.040

1.060

1.080

1.100

1.120

1.140

1.160

1.180

... ... ...

Transformer Protection
System in differential fault condition
Advanced Graph Frame

B1

150.00k 100.00k

CT1_a

CT1_a

y
CB1 1.0e-006
-50.00k -100.00k -150.00k 300 200 CT1_aa CT2_ab Id IP=0.155

#1

#2

#3

CB2

50 [MW]

T3 1.0e-006
CT1

50.00k 0.00

100 0 -100 -200 -300 0.0

1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 -0.20

CT2
1.0e-006 1.0e-006
50 [MVAR]

1.0
Trip signal ( CB1 CB 2)

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

A dvanced Graph Frame

... ... ...

-0.40 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 ... ... ...

Transformer Protection
System in over current fault condition
B1 CB1

#2

#3

#1

50 [MW]

50 [MVAR]

CB2

T3
1.0e-006

1.0e-006
CT1

0.4 s

CT2
1.0e-006 1.0e-006

Transformer Protection

Simulation

Distance Protection
Distance protection is used mainly for overhead lines protection.

The main function of distance relays is to make high and fast protection system for the overhead lines.

Distance Protection
Single Line Diagram of outgoing OHLs

Distance Protection
RAMAH ALANJAH Overhead Line
Distance =30 Km Zone1 covers 80% (24 km) Zone2 covers 100% (30 km)

Distance Protection
Distance Protection is applied to this line

It is divided in two zones:

Zone-1 Covers 80 % of the Line (24 Km) Zone-2 covers 100 % of the Line (30 Km)

Distance Protection

The distance is depending on the impedance of the line.

The voltage is calculated through VT. The Current is calculated through CT.

voltage(V ) imedance( Z ) current ( I )

Distance Protection
CB1 A CB2

c
B

If fault happens in A:
CB1 will operate after time t1

If fault happens in B:
CB2 will operate. if it is not operated. CB1 will operate after time t1+0.3s

If fault happens in C:
CB1 and CB2 will not operate

Distance Protection
The impedance of the Line is :
The calculated impedance by Relay:

Z < 80 % Zline
Fault happens in zone-1

80% Zline < Z < Zline

Fault happens in Zone-2

Z> Zline
No Fault happens in Line

Distance Protection
If calculated impedance in Zone-1:

Relay will trip after t1

If calculated impedance in Zone-2:

Relay will trip after t1 + 0.3

s
If calculated impedance outside zones:

Relay will block

Distance Protection
Simulated System in Normal Condition

Distance Protection
Fault occurs in Zone-1

Distance Protection
Fault occurs in Zone-1

Distance Protection
Fault occurs in Zone-1 & CB2 doesnt operate

Distance Protection
Logics of Distance Protection
Voltage Magnitude Voltages and phases for sequences Phase

vam vbm vcm 1 2 3 Va Mag1 Mag2 Mag3 (7) (7) (7) X1 Ph1 (7) FFT Ph2 X2 (7) X3 F = 50.0 [Hz] dc1 dc2 Ph3 (7) dc3

vam vap
1

|A| /_A

|P| /_P vpp + |N| - /_N 0 |Z| /_Z vzp

vpm

1 2 3

vbm vbp vcm vcp

vap
2

A /_B B C |C| /_C

|B|

vnm vnp vzm

vbp
3

vcp

Frequency Scanner

Sequence Filter

Distance Protection
Logics of Distance Protection
Current Magnitude

iam ibm icm 1 2 3 Ia Mag1 Mag2 Mag3 (7) (7) (7) X1 Ph1 (7) FFT Ph2 X2 (7) X3 F = 50.0 [Hz] Ph3 (7) dc1 dc2 dc3

Current and phases for sequences Phase

iam iap

|A| /_A

|P| /_P ipp + |N| - /_N 0 |Z| /_Z izp

ipm

1 2 3

ibm ibp icm icp

iap
2

|B| A /_B B C |C| /_C

inm inp izm

ibp
3

icp

Frequency Scanner

Sequence Filter

Distance Protection
Logics of Distance Protection
Trip CB1
vam VM vap VP iam IM
iap IP izm I0M

R-X Plane
Va I + kI
a 0 R X RMS RMS Ra
R X 21

O1

Delay T

izp I0P

Xa

S Open Breaker B1
Delay

B1

V&I parameters
2 X D + + F 2 X X Ix Ix > Ioc

TripSignal

Trip CB2
Define the Zone of fault
Delay T
0

S Open Breaker B2

B2

Distance Protection

Fault Starts after 1 s

CB opens after 0.3 s from fault

Distance Protection

Simulation

Implementation

Conclusion
In this GP; there were long steps of calculations and simulation using PSCAD program which allows the designer to simulate the large values of power in details.
After doing all these steps; the simulated results will be sent to Transco Company to be as a real setting for the protection system..

Thanks for Good Listening Any Questions?