GRID INTERFACE OF WIND POWER WITH LARGE SPLIT WINDING ALTERNATOR USING CASCADED MULTILEVEL INVERTER

ABSTRACT

Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) based on Cascaded H Bridge multilevel inverter. Split winding alternator, Direct Bridge Rectifier and Voltage Source Inverter are as main components.

Main Aim of Project

Grid interface, Real power injunction, Load compensation, Power factor correction, Harmonic compensation, Reduction of rating of Power Electronic Equipment etc.

INTRODUCTION
Wind energy is sufficiently available. Many Turbine technologies available to harvest the more energy from wind. As per World Wind Energy Association (WWEA) - over the past five years the average growth in worldwide new installations has been increasing 30.9 % and expected 15% annual growth in 2013.

Wind Turbines of higher rating are developed to extract the wind power more efficient way Traditional wind turbine output cant be interfaced to GRID due to many reasons By using modern technology, Wind turbines more that 1.3MW can easily interfaced to GRID. Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Technology Voltage Source Inverters (STATCOM). In this a number of 1-f H-Bridge cells are series connected along with separate DC source.

The CHBMLI, eliminated the multi-purpose invertors, transformers, flying capacitors, diode clamped inverters etc., In addition to that voltage control, real power injunction, p.f. correction, reduction of lower order harmonics were made possible A new structure in alternator design was proposed Split winding alternator. In this each phase winding is divided into three parts. In turn this reduces the size and rating of VSI.

THE TECHNOLOGY

In conventional system, 3-f Alternator is coupled to large wind turbine. Its then connected to Uncontrolled bridge rectifier DBR, followed by DC-DC converter (for DC voltage regulation). The converter output DC is applied to an Inverter to convert it in AC All the components are used should be fully rated (i.e., higher power handling capacity) This leads more thermal stress, more low order harmonics etc.,

THE NEW TECHNOLOGY used in present project

 In proposed system, armature winding of 3-f Alternator is divided into three parts per each phase. The output of each winding is then connected to Uncontrolled bridge rectifier DBR, followed by DCDC converter (for DC voltage regulation). The converter output DC is applied to an CHBML Inverter to convert it in AC (the main building block of CHBMLI is VSI IGBT STATCOM) Each component of lesser capacity connected in series to handle the total load from alternator. The output of CHMBLI can be controlled easily. There is no need of medium voltage distribution transformer to interconnect the WECS to GRID

ADVANTAGES OF NEW SYSTEM Less number of lower order harmonics Low power rated Power Electronics equipments and other switches. Elimination of High Voltage Transformers. Improved performance

The main parts are Wind Turbine with Split Winding Alternator, AC/DC/AC conversion system, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor

Description Of Main Components

VARIABLE SPEED WIND TURBINE The high power (above 2 MW) rated wind turbines are designed to provide output at different wind speeds. Here rotational speed is controlled based on available wind speed.
Parameters: Blade Radius 40m; Air Density - 1,299kg/m3; Power coefficient Cp 0.44

Split Winding Alternator

Each phase winding of alternator is equally divided into three equal parts. Total Nine windings are brought out and connected to nine separate rectifiers/DBRs The field winding on rotor is supplied through slip rings. Parameters: Rating of Alternator3-Phase; 2MW, 8.0kV rms

Rectifier Units (DBR)

Simple uncontrolled Diode Bridge Rectifiers are used to convert AC drawn from nine windings of alternator. They act as isolated voltage sources to CHBMLI. The output voltage is controlled by control of excitation of alternator. Hence no need of separate control.

SEVEN LEVEL CHBMLI

Method is presented showing that a cascade multilevel inverter can be implemented using only a single DC power source and capacitors. A standard cascade multilevel inverter requires n DC sources for 2n + 1 levels. Without requiring transformers, the scheme proposed here allows the use of a single DC power source (e.g., a battery or a fuel cell stack) with the remaining n-1 DC sources being capacitors. As the number of levels increases, the harmonic content of the output waveform is reduced. Reactive power flow can be controlled, as this does not cause unbalance in the capacitor voltages. Fast dynamic response.

Operation of Multi-level Inverter

Closed loop Multicarrier Modulation of CHBMLI

The output of DBR is connected to seven level VSI /CHBMLI. A DC link capacitor is used after each DBR to hold the DC output voltage to CHBMLI. These H-Bridge cells are connected/phase. They convert DC to AC. This output can be directly fed to medium-voltage distribution grid without the need of any interfacing transformer. In closed loop multi carrier modulation, PWM is used.

Equivalent circuit of Exciter-SWA-DBR-CHBMLI

By slow simultaneous control of input dc link voltages to CHBMLI using excitation Control By instantaneous current control of VSI By Excitation control

Real Power injunction

Consider the system as shown. The three phase currents may unbalanced and consists of both linear and non linear elements. Hence unbalanced distorted PCC voltages A compensator/ideal current source is connected at each phase to compensate the requirement.

Simulation considerations

Simulations considering CASE 1

EFFECT OF VSI ON PCC VOLTAGE, SOURCE, LOAD CURRENTS, AND POWERS. (a) Cascaded seven-level inverter output for phase A. (b) Three-phase source and load currents before and after the VSI is switched on. (c) PCC terminal voltages before and after the connection of VSI. (d) Average load, source, and wind power before and after the connection of VSI. (e) PCC voltage and source current before and after switching on the VSI for phase A. (f) Reference and actual shunt injected current (VSI current tracking). (g) Split-winding ac voltages (three per phase, equal for same phase). (h) DC-link voltages for all the nine cells (three per phase, equal for same phase).

Simulation results for Case 2

EFFECT OF DC-LINK VOLTAGE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE CURRENT CONTROL LOOP.

(a) Three phase source and load currents as dc-link voltage, and load is varied. (b) Reference and actual shunt injected current, and tracking error for phase A. (c) Cascaded seven-level VSI voltage output. (d) PCC voltage and source current for varying load, and Vdc for phase A. (e) PCC voltage and load current for varying load, and Vdc for phase A.

Simulation results for Case 3

EFFECT OF INCREASED WIND SPEED ON THE SYSTEM. (a) Power drawn from source, wind, and load power. (b) PCC voltage and source current for phase A. (c) Three phase source and load currents.

THE CONCLUSIONS
1. The Split Winding Alternator with CHBMLI can be successfully interfaced with GRID 2. The present scheme proved the successful operation of Real Power Injection, Load compensation, Reduction of lower order Harmonics 3. If wind power supply is more than demanded load, the excess power is exported to the grid 4. The change in voltage can be managed changing the excitation to the Alternator 5. This arrangement leads for reduced cost of power electronic equipment.

REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Grid Interface of Wind Power Reliable Technology for all turbine applications Multilevel inverter Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid Integration Novel power electronic systems for wind power systems Multilevel Converters for Large Electric Drives General Model for Representing Variable Speed Wind Integrated Doubly Fed Electric Alternator Control of a DFIG-based wind system Wind Turbine Current-Source Converter Performance Enhancement of Synchronous Generator Cascaded multilevel inverter and its application in STATCOM A Two-Stage Converter based Controller Multilevel Voltage-Source-Converter Topologies Control policies for wind-energy conversion systems Voltage and Power Flow Control of Grid Performance Optimization for Doubly-Fed Wind Power Generation Systems Wind Speed Estimation Based Variable Speed Wind Power Generation Load Compensating DSTATCOM Power Quality Improvement Using DVR Control Strategies for Load Compensation PSCAD-EMTDC-Based Modelling and Analysis

This presentation prepared under the guidance of Project Guide Mr. Ch. Siva Kumar Asst. Professor, Dept. Electrical Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 7 By M Paul Prasad 1005-10-748208 ME (PS) V semester, PTPG