1

NEW TESTAMENT THEOLOGY BTH 532 Missio University Training Leaders to Transform Nations
DOCTRINE OF MAN

PowerPoint #3

Dr. J. Lee Simmons Dean

Man and His World: OT Background

Man possesses body and soul Man is part of a family Universal sinfulness of man

Most

words for sin in OT refer to sin against God. God judges man in regard to his sin. Sacrificial system dealt with sin but did not remove mans awareness of guilt.

Man and His World: Judaism

3

Development of Judaism in the Intertestamental Period Sin is an evil tendency. yeser hara. If man so wills, he can keep the commandments. God is the creator of this evil tendency in man. The law delivers from this evil

Man and His World: Hellenism

4

Greek view of Man Dualism

good Body evil a prison house
Mind/Soul
Two

views of the body

deprive the body Hedonism delight the body The Greek world could not conceive of a bodily resurrection and had no word for it.
Asceticism

The World in the NT

5

World kosmos the world of man

Not

the physical planet Under evil domination world controlled by Satan Matthew 4:8; 1 John 5:19; Colossians 1:13. Example: Temptation of Christ Much of Jesus ministry involved casting out of demons. Angelic world ministering spirits -Heb

The World in the NT

6

World kosmos the world of man The unseen world of angels and demons is a prominent NT truth. The believer with the power of God and the ministry of angels is in warfare against Satan and his demonic legions. Ephesians

The World in the NT

7

Both John and Paul more fully develop the concept of kosmos. In Johns writings:
came into the world. John 11:27 The world did not recognize Christ. John 1:10 The world hated Christ. John 7:7 Gods great love for the world. John 3:16 Jesus disciples were not of this world.
Jesus

The World in the NT

8

Both John and Paul more fully develop the concept of kosmos. In Johns writings:
Christians

are not to love the world. 1 John 2:15-17 The world hates Christians. John 15:18-19, John 17:14 The world is under the power of the evil one. 1 John 5:19 Faith is the victory through which believers

The World in the NT

9

Both John and Paul more fully develop the concept of kosmos. In Pauls writings:
The

whole world is accountable before God. Romans 3:19 The world has fallen under the judgment of God. John 3:18 The worlds wisdom and Gods wisdom are in contrast. 1 Corinthians 1:19-21; James 3:14-17 Unbelievers follow the ways of the world and are led by Satan. Ephesians 2:2

Man in Himself in the NT

10

The Infinite Value of Man to God

God

knows the minutest details about us. Matthew 10:30 This does not promote the idea of the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of Men philosophy apart from faith and repentance. Repentance and faith brings us into His family. Jesus is concerned about what man is, not

Man in Himself in the NT

11

Jesus View of the Flesh

No

hint of Gnostic dualism in which only the physical is evil. There is an absence of asceticism in Jesus. Matthew 11:18-19 Defilement of man comes from the inside not the outside. Mark 7:14-23 If fed with the world, the flesh can dominate over the spirit. Matthew 26:41

Man in Himself in the NT

12

Jesus View About Man in Society

Man

was never intended to be an individualist or self-sufficient. Jesus was deeply concerned about those who were socially deprived, the poor, and needy, the deaf, blind and lame. Jesus was a friend of sinners and spent time with societal outcasts. The Sermon on the Mount contains much teaching about mans responsibility to his

Man in Himself in the NT

13

The Personal Responsibility Which Falls on Man

Man

is expected to obey God. Luke 17:9-

10 Man is completely accountable to God. Luke 19:11-15 Man is completely dependent on God. Matthew 6:11 Total commitment to God is required.

Man in Himself in the NT

14

The Relation of Men and Women

Judaism

was male-dominated and gave little respect to women. In Judaism women could not attend Synagogue religious education classes or worship with men equally. To the Jewish man, females were inferior to men In contrast, Jesus and the evangelists recognized the rights of women as much

Man in Himself in the NT

15

The Relation of Men and Women

The

virgin birth places Mary in the highest honor. All the gospels stress the importance of women in the Passion and Resurrection narratives. No distinction is made in the healing ministry of Jesus toward men or women. Jesus allowed a women to anoint His feet and praised her for it. Luke 7:36-38, 44-47

Man in Himself in the NT

16

The Relation of Men and Women

Jesus

gave equal status to men and women in divorce. Mark 10:10-12 Jesus spoke of sons and daughters and mothers and fathers as equals. Matthew 12:50 It was women who stayed at the cross. Luke 23:49 Women were the first to proclaim the Resurrection. Luke 24:1-10

Man in Himself in the NT

17

Jesus Approach to Children

In

the Ancient World, unwanted children were abandoned and exposed to the elements to die. Jesus welcomed children and criticized His disciples for keeping them away. Matthew 19:13-15 He used a child as an example of humility. Matthew 18:1-5

Man in Himself in the NT

18

Jesus Approach to Children

Jesus

pronounced strong judgment on anyone who caused a little one to sin. Matthew 18:6 He spoke of Gods special protection for children. Matthew 18:10, 14 It was children who praised His entry into Jerusalem. Matthew 21:15-16

Man in Himself in the NT

19

Pauline View of Man

Of

all the NT writers, Paul gives the fullest expression of the doctrine of man. Since his letters were occasional, Paul does not give a comprehensive teaching in any one letter, and sometimes the terms he uses to describe man are used in various ways. The words he most uses to describe the various aspects of man are: soul, spirit,

Man in Himself in the NT

20

Pauline Anthropological Terms: Soul

Least

important of Pauls terms, occurs 13x It mainly indicates a mans life. Romans 11:3; Philippians 2:30 It can mean self as in 1 Thessalonians 2:8, and individuals in Romans 13:1 The use of soul, psyche, in 1 Thessalonians 5:23 seems to indicate that man is a tripartite, although many disagree.

Man in Himself in the NT

21

Pauline Anthropological Terms: Spirit

The

Greek word for spirit is pneuma and is often used in relationship to the Holy Spirit. Pneuma is also used in the description of man who is a believer. The believer has the Holy Pneuma which is a direct contrast with flesh sarx. Romans 8:9 We become partakers of the Spirit at

Man in Himself in the NT

22

Pauline Anthropological Terms: Heart

Our Kardia Without Christ:

can darken our heart. Romans 1:21 The heart is corrupted. Romans 1:24 Heart is stubborn and unrepentant. Romans 2:5
Sin

Our

Kardia With Christ

believes with the heart. Romans 10:10 God shines light into our hearts. 2 Corinthians 4:6 Christ dwells in our hearts. Ephesians 3:17
Man

Man in Himself in the NT

23

Pauline Anthropological Terms: Mind

In

great contrast to Greek thinking where nous can be elevated above the rest of man. Nous is neither good or bad its moral standing is determined by what is influencing it: flesh or spirit. When the mind does not acknowledge

Man in Himself in the NT

24

Pauline Anthropological Terms: Mind

The

mind of unbelievers can be blinded by Satan. 2 Corinthians 4:4 Before salvation, man was an enemy of God in his mind because of his evil behavior. Colossians 1:21 The mind of believers needs to be renewed. Romans 12:2

Man in Himself in the NT

25

Pauline Anthropological Terms: Conscience

knowledge of an act with reflexive judgment on it. The conscience shows that man is aware that he is a rational being. All people have the capacity to know right and wrong. Romans 2:15 God judges the conscience. 1 Corinthians 4:4
Syneidesis

Man in Himself in the NT

26

Pauline Anthropological Terms: Flesh

Sarx

is used by Paul in a number of ways. Understanding Pauls use of sarx is vital to understanding his concept of man. Some translations weaken the mean of sarx because of modern mans concept of the word flesh, i.e. NIV sinful nature Galatians 5:16-21

Man in Himself in the NT

27

Pauline Anthropological Terms: Flesh

Describes

the natural man Galatians

1:16 The flesh is in conflict with the Spirit. Galatians 5:17 The flesh has evil fruit. Galatians 5:1921 Before becoming a Christian, the flesh

Man in Himself in the NT

28

Pauline Anthropological Terms: Body

Unlike

sarx, the body, soma, can be transformed. We are not to sin against our body. 1 Corinthians 6:18 Our body is to be a pure and holy temple of the Holy Spirit. 1 Corinthians 6:19 We are to glorify God with our bodies.

Man in Himself in the NT

29

Pauline Anthropological Terms: Body

Our

body will be resurrected and glorified. Philippians 3:20-21; 1 Corinthians 15:5253 We are to present and dedicate our bodies to God for His purposes. Romans 12:1-2

Man in Relation to God in the NT

30

Jesus Estimate of Mans Sin

Sin

is universal. Sin is internal. Sin is enslavement. Sin is rebellion Sin merits condemnation. Sin is alienation from God. Sin is unbelief.

Man in Relation to God in the NT

31

Pauline Concept of Sin

Sin

is debt. Sin is deviation. Sin is lawlessness. Sin is slavery. Sin is falsehood. Sin merits punishment.

Man in Relation to God in the NT

32

Summary of Sin in the NT

is universal in all men. Romans 3:23 Sin is internal often with external expression. Sin brings divine punishment. Sins cure is only found in forgiveness through repentance of sin and faith in Jesus Christ. Sinners need a Savior.
Sin

Sinners Need a Savior

33

My sin, oh, the bliss of this glorious thought! My sin, not in part but the whole, Is nailed to the cross, and I bear it no more,