FUNDAMENTALS OF CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR

GENERAL
CONSTRUCTION AERODYNAMICS

CLASSIFICATION
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT TYPE RECIPROCATING ROTARY :TWO LOBE, SLIDING VANE, SCREW TURBO COMPRESSOR AXIAL COMP. CENTRIFUGAL COMP.

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT

TURBO COMPRESSOR

APPLICATION RANGE

ADVANTAGES OF CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR

TO RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR

Lower Maintenance cost No pulsation in gas flow Silent & long continuous operation Easy maintenance Oil free during gas compression Small space Adaptability to high speed driver A little lower efficiency

ADVANTAGES OF CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR

TO AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR Wider stability range Higher Head per stage. Various seal system to suit handling gas A little lower efficiency

PRINCIPLE OF CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR

C : Absolute velocity to blade U : peripheral velocity of impeller W : Relative velocity to blade

PRESSURE INCREMENT IN COMPRESSOR

PT = PS + PD
=

PS

V2/2g

PRESSURE-CAPACITY CHART MIC COMPERESSOR

NOMENCLATURE OF MHI COMPRESSOR

BASIC LINES OF COMPRESSOR

HORYZONTAL SPLIT CASHING

MAC (MITSUBISHI ADVANCED COMP.) VERTICAL SPLIT CASHING

UP TO DATE TECHNOLOGIES FOR MAC

Full 3D impellers, direct lube bearings, minimum flow loss passage. Overhang damper, swirl canceller labyrinth for increasing the reliability of rotor bearing system. Application of back to back impeller arrangement for high pressure services to minimize to internal leakage loss.

CARTRIDGE TYPE INTERNAL BUNDLE REMOVABLE

Inner bundle with bearing & seal assy can be disassembled from suction free end of the outer casing.

CONFIGURATION OF COMPRESSOR (HORIZONTALLY SPLIT TYPE)

HORYZONTALLY SPLIT SIDE LOAD MACHINE

CONFIGURATION OF COMPRESSOR (VERTICAL SPLIT TYPE)

VERTICALLY SPLIT BACK TO BACK

ADVANTAGES OF BACK TO BACK (VERTICALLY SPLIT)

No balance piston is required because of thrust force acting on impellers are almost balanced. Reduce the magnitude of thrust force variation per operating condition. Increase the compressor efficiency with smaller internal circulation.

CONSTRUCTION OF MAJOR PARTS

ROTOR IMPELLER COUPLING INTERNAL PARTS (DIAPHARGM & INLET GUIDE VANE) BEARING SHAFT SEAL.

HORIZONTALLY SPLIT TYPE

VERTICALLY SPLIT TYPE

ROTOR CONSTRUCTION

SHAFT IMPELLER BALANCE PISTON (DRUM) IMPELER SPACER THRUST DISC COUPLING HUB

COMPRESSOR ROTOR

COMPRESSOR ROTOR

INTERFERENCE DIMENSIONS FOR A SHRINK FIT

D = shaft diameter, Internal D = D dimension folow

CRITICAL SPEED

VIBRATION LEVEL & RPM

Nc1 : Rotor first critical, center frequency Ncn : Critical speed Nmc : Max Cont. Speed, 105 % of Rated Speed AF : Amplification Factor AF = Nc1/(N2-N1) AF < 2.5 (Not Critical Speed) SM : Separation Margin CRE : Critical Response Envelope

SHAFT VIBRATION LIMITATION

Shaft vibration limitation during shop test must be lower than the value in the following equation or 25 m, whichever is less. A = (12000/MCR) X 25.4 MCR : Max Cont. Speed, RPM

API 617 & API 612

ROTOR STABILITY DESIGN OF MAC

NON SYNCHRONOUS VIBRATION

Exciting Force : searah RPM Damping Force : reverse direction

SWIRL CANCELLER LABYRINTH SEAL

SWIRL CANCELLER LABYRINTH SEAL

To reduce exciting force, mechanisme to control the gas flow in the rotating direction (Swirl) at the inlet of the labyrinth seal is efective.

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