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Process Quality Control

Textile spinning
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The process or processes Textile spinning used in the production of single yarns or of fabrics generated directly from polymer.
1.

Yarn from Staple Fiber: The formation of a yarn by a Click to edit Masterdrawing combination of subtitle style or drafting and twisting prepared strands of fibers, such as roving. 2. Filament Yarn: In the spinning of manufactured filaments, fiber-forming substances in the plastic or molten state, or in solution, are forced through the fine Prepared a TANVEER plate orifices in by metallicAHMED called a

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Spinning Process Diagram

1.

RAW MATERIAL BLOW ROOM CARDING DRAWING COMBING FINISHING ROVING RING WINDING
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2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Quality Of Textile RAW MATERIAL

Quality of raw material can be defined

in various terms, as we studies Garvin categories quality into various terms.

1. Transcendent (product is superior to all

competing products in every

.

way

possible.)
.2. Product based 3. User based 4. Manufacturing based Prepared by TANVEER AHMED
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Quality Of Textile RAW MATERIAL

also can implies in textile

Garvin Eight attributes for quality

1. Performance of Material / Product /

Process
2. Features 3. Reliability 4. Conformance 5. Durability 6. Serviceability
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Quality Of Textile RAW MATERIAL

Textile raw material universally called Textile Fibers: A unit of matter, either natural or manufactured, that forms the basic element of fabrics and other textile structures.

A fiber is characterized by having a length at least 100 times its diameter or width.

The term refers to units that can be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by various methods including weaving, knitting, braiding, felting, and twisting.

The essential requirements for fibers to be spun into Prepared by a length of at 11/8/2010 6 yarn include TANVEER AHMED least 5 millimeters, flexibility,

Quality Of Textile RAW MATERIAL

fabrics, are divided

Fiber used as raw material for textile (1), Animal Fibers, as wool, hair,

silk;
(2), Vegetable Fibers, as cotton,

linen, jute, hemp, ramie, etc.;

(3), Mineral Fibers, as asbestos;
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and

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Quality Of Textile RAW MATERIAL

Quality control and Quality assurance for

textile evaluated through Testing Process.

TEXTILE TESTING CAN BE DIVIDED INTO: 1- CHEMICAL TESTING 2- PHYSICAL TESTING The textile engineer or technologist in

the quality of a product by doing:

In Process of Final Verification
Prepared by TANVEER AHMED Visual Inspection 11/8/2010 8

Quality Of Textile RAW MATERIAL

TEXTILE Fiber Testing: 100% cotton samples in the form of bale

or opened and cleaned material (card mat).

Measurements

Micronaire Maturity Index UHML Upper Half Mean Length

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UI Uniformity Index

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Quality Of Textile RAW MATERIAL

TEXTILE Fiber Testing: 100% cotton samples in the form of bale

or opened and cleaned material (card mat).

Measured by relating airflow resistance to the specific surface fibers. of

Measurements

1 Micronaire (Micro Grams Per -------------- Very fine 3.1 Inch) 3.1 -------------- fine 3.9 4.0 -------------medium 4.9 Prepared by TANVEER AHMED 11/8/2010 10

Quality Of Textile RAW MATERIAL

TEXTILE Fiber Testing: 100% cotton samples in the form of bale

or opened and cleaned material (card mat).

Measurements

Maturity Index
The cotton fibre consists of cell wall and

lumen. The maturity index is dependent upon the thickness of this cell wall.
Prepared by TANVEER AHMED 11/8/2010 COTTON Fiber Cross-Section 11

Quality Of Textile RAW MATERIAL

TEXTILE Fiber Testing:

Maturity Index

Maturity ( Maturity Coefficient) Mature(less 0.7) Half Mature (0.7 to 0.9)

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Lumen Width / Wall Thickness Less than 1 Less than 2 More than 1
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Quality Of Textile RAW MATERIAL

TEXTILE Fiber Testing:

UHML Upper Half Mean Length

Fiber length is described as "the

average length of the longer one-half of the fibers (upper half mean length)" This measure is taken by scanning a "beard " of parallel fibers through a sensing region. The beard is formed from the fibers taken from the sample, clasped in a holding clamp and combed to align the fibers. TANVEER AHMED Prepared by Typical lengths of Upland cottons 11/8/2010 13

Quality Of Textile RAW MATERIAL

TEXTILE Fiber Testing:

UHML Upper Half Mean Length

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Quality Of Textile RAW MATERIAL

TEXTILE Fiber Testing:

UI Uniformity Index
Length uniformity or uniformity ratio is

determined as " a ratio between the mean length and the upper half mean length of the fibers and is expressed as a percentage
with the Fibrogram. The span lengths

at given percentages of fibres are

LENGTH UNIFORMITY Very High High Intermediate Low Very Low

UNIFORMITY INDEX [%] >85 83-85 80-82 77-79 <77

usuallyTANVEER AHMED the 2.5% 11/8/2010 measured; span Prepared by

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Quality Of Blow-room

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2-BLOW-ROOM Processes
OBJECTIVES OF BLOW-ROOM Opening Cleaning Blending Mixing
Cleaning eff = (trash in trash in lap) x 100 Trash in raw cotton Count = wt/lenth => like 0.0013 for 14 oz/yd
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2-BLOW-ROOM Processes

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3-CARDING Processes
OBJECTIVES OF CARD 1. Opening

2.Cleaning 3.Leveling

(Parallelization)
4.Sliver formation

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3-CARDING Processes

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3-CARDING Processes
Cleaning Efficiency Sliver Count

variation
Neps (small knots

or tangled fiber)
Fiber Hooks According to an

investigation by Morton and Yen in Prepared by TANVEER AHMED

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3-CARDING Processes
Reversal of the dispositions of hooks

between the card and the comber.

C, card;

D, sliver lap machine; E, ribbon lap machine; F, comber.

Reversal of the dispositions of hooks between the card and the ring spinning machine. H, roving frame C, R, ring card GI, GIl, spinning Prepared drawfra AHMED by TANVEER drawfram H, roving 11/8/2010 ;

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Drawing Processes
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4- Drawing Frame
Drawing is an operation by which

slivers are blended, doubled or leveled and by drafting reduced to proper sized sliver suitable of being fed to the simplex. the production cost of yam, however IMPROVING influence EVENNESS on quality of yam. is
PARALLELIZ BLENDI ATION frame process considerably Draw NG DUST influences the final product, as draw REMOVAL TANVEER AHMED Prepared by 11/8/2010

Draw frame contributes less than 5% to

its

significant.

is
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last point of compensation for the

5- Drawing Finisher Frame

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A roving is a continuous fibrous strand drafted from a sliver and given cohesion by either inserting a small amount of twist or compacting the fibers with an oscillating apron. It is drafted and twisted to be spun into a yarn FL-16, FL-100 DRAFT RANGE = 7 TO 8
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6- ROVING Frame
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6- ROVING FRAME
.

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The ring spinning frame, commonly called the ring, is the conventional spinning system and it transforms the roving from the roving frame into spun yarn using the operations of: . Drawing . Twisting . Winding
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7- Ring Frame
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7- RING FRAME
Deviation of Variation of count strength Count variation Twist variation Elongation Remaining disturbing thick and thin places Remaining foreign fibers
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Direction of yarn twist Evenness

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7- RING FRAME

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