Topic Highlights

Environmental Aspects

Building / Construction Materials

Rebar
Manufacturing Process

Rebar Materials
Stainless Steel Rebar Fiber Reinforced Polymer Carbon Steel Rebar

Rebar Materials
Stainless Steel Rebar
Excellence corrosion resistance; well known properties; widely used in marine & corrosive environments; Well developed standards; Very high initial costs $; Critical structure only;

Rebar Materials
Fiber Reinforced Polymer FRP
Impervious to chloride ion and chemical attack;
Good for aqueous environments; E.g. salt storage facilities, bridge decks, floating marine dock

Nonmetallic properties Transparent to magnetic fields and radio frequencies;

E.g. Hospital MRI rooms, compass calibration pads, high V cable concrete

Higher TS than steel can be archived; wt of steel reinforcement; Carbon FRP, Glass FRP, Aramid FRP are available;

FRP Barriers
Lack of well established standards Mechanical properties and bond characteristic; Manufacturing standards
Type & volume of fiber and resin; Fiber orientation; QC standards;

NO in-site fabrications are allowed

E.g. bending, welding..

Carbon Steel Rebar

Carbon Steel Rebar
Well known properties and well developed standards; Widely used in various environments; Widely used in various specifications;
e.g. epoxy coating, galvanizing, perstressedetc.

Easy manufacturing and market availability; Low costs $;

Low Carbon Steel Rebar C <0.25%

Low Carbon Steel Rebar

HK Standard: CS2:1995
Frame on BS4449:1988; Tensile Strength 460 N/mm2;

Standards Developments:
BS4449:2005 ; Grade B500; Macau 64/96/M ; Grade 500; GB 1499-1998 ; HRB335 & HRB400, rare in HRB500; (under drafting of GB1499.2-XXXX version) CS is under reviewing;

Manufacturing process, Regional based:

Hot roll bar:
V, Nb alloying high cost; No further thermal processing required, natural air cooling; e.g. Japan, USA, China

Quenched bar:
Low alloying elements, No V, Nb lower cost; Water quenching and tempering required; e.g. Europe, Turkey, South Asia, China

Steel Manufacturing Route

Blast Furnace Route
Iron ore High Energy consumptions More pollutants

Electric Arc Furnace EAF Route

Scrap Relatively low energy consumptions Steam line process 100% recycle of Scraps Compact in size

Steel Making Route

Blast Furnace Route Iron Ore

Coke
Small amount of Scrap

Basic Oxygen Furnace BOF

Electrical Arc Furnace EAF Route

Scrap
Ladle Furnace

Casting m/c

Rolling Operations
Reheating Furnace

EBROS

Rolling

Quenching

Cooling Bed

Shear
Bars Hot Charging from CCM Cold Charging From Billet stock

Tuen Mun Mill Operations

Fuel Consumption
RHF EBROS

Electricity Consumption
Rolling Quenching

Cooling Bed

Cooling Water
Bars

Shear

Scrapped bars

Environmental Aspects
Resource Recycling Scrap for Electric Arc Furnace Sewage treatment system Conserving natural resources Water treatment plant Reduce electricity demand Protecting marine environment Marine Pollution Equipment Minimizing waste EBROS minimize wastage

Cooling Water Treatment Plant

Operations involved Direct water cooling; Operations involved Indirect water cooling; In house treatment plant 100% service water recycling; No discharge of service water to environments; 1998 in Operations

Cooling Water Treatment System

Settlement
Degreasing

Sand Filters

Machineries / Equipments

Chemical Treatments

Plate Type Heat Exchangers

Storage tanks

Sea Water

Minimized Scrap Rolling

Innovative operation of Endless Bar Rolling System EBROS; Infinitive long billets rolling = no excessive cutting materials; Exact Multiple of Finishing Length; Rolling process save head and tail cuts , about -4% of rolling material; Perform cut-to-length orders; Reduce civil site cutting scraps 2001 in Operations

Endless Bar ROlling System

Welding Stage

Deburred & Rolled Joint

D.C. 9 V 12000 Amp

Welded Joint

Endless Bar ROlling System

Discontinuous-Conical elongation of the Joint NO weak point in finishing material !

Rolling Direction

Endless Bar ROlling System

Exact multiple length

Minimized Scrap

Save you fabrication time !

Save your material cost !

Save $

Resources Environments Developments

THANK YOU !