Language and identity ( 3A)

Culture and sub-culture Differences

Chapter 6: Adapting to Others

Adapting to Others

Culture and Communication

Gender and Communication Barriers to Bridging Differences and
Adapting to Others

Adapting to Others Who Are Different From You

Religion: Evolution of Man

Chapter 6: Adapting to Others

Culture and Communication

Culture is a learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms that is shared by a group of people.
Cultures are not static. A Co-culture is a cultural group within a larger culture.
Amish gender

Chapter 6: Adapting to Others

Culture and Communication

Intercultural communication occurs when individuals or groups from different cultures communicate. Culture shock

Our culture and life experiences determine our world viewthe general perspective that determines how we perceive what happens to us.

Chapter 6: Adapting to Others

Cultural Contexts

People from different cultures respond to their surroundings or cultural context cues in different ways.
High-Context Cultures
nonverbal cues are extremely important communicators rely on the context

Low-Context Cultures rely more explicitly on language

Chapter 6: Adapting to Others

Cultural Values

Masculine and Feminine Perspectives Avoidance or Tolerance of Uncertainty Distribution of Power

Individualism or Collectivism

Cultural Values: Masculine/Feminine

Masculine
emphasize getting things done and being assertive tend to value traditional roles for men and women not a reflection of biological sex not completely independent of biology - not exclusively defined by relation to sex is termed gender.

Feminine
emphasize building relationships and seeking peace and harmony with others

Chapter 6: Adapting to Others

Cultural Values: Uncertainty and Certainty

Avoidance of Uncertainty Uncertainty accepting is more innovative than uncertainty avoiding society because of the greater legitimacy. Assumed causes or explanation of situation as facts to escape the discomfort associated with ambiguity and uncertainty Tolerance for Ambiguity Ambiguity tolerance is the ability to perceive ambiguity in information and behavior in a neutral and open way. Ambiguity tolerance is an important issue in personality development and education. In psychology and in management, levels of tolerance of ambiguity are correlated with creativity,[1] risk aversion, psychological resilience, lifestyle,[2] orientation towards diversity (cross-cultural communication, intercultural competence), and leadership style.[3]

Cultural Values: Approaches to Power

Decentralized Approach
leadership is not vested in one person, power is decentralized decisions are likely to be made by consensus

Centralized Approach
militaristic approach to power prefer strongly organized, centrally controlled form of government

Chapter 6: Adapting to Others

Cultural Values: Individualism and Collectivism

Collectivistic Cultures
champion what people do together and reward group achievement strive to accomplish goals for the benefit of the group

Individualistic Cultures
individual recognition self-realization tend to be loosely knit socially

Chapter 6: Adapting to Others

Gender and Communication

Sex-Based Expectations start at birth

gender roles are transmitted via communication

Why and How Women and Men Communicate instrumental and expressive orientations content and relational dimensions of messages

Chapter 6: Adapting to Others

Barriers to Bridging Differences

Assuming Superiority
ethnocentrism

Assuming Similarity Stereotyping and Prejudice

stereotyping prejudice

Different Communication Codes

Chapter 6: Adapting to Others

Adapting to Others

Seek Information Listen and Ask Questions Tolerate Ambiguity Develop Mindfulness engage in self-talk
Become Other-Oriented other-oriented communication social decentering empathy and sympathy Adapt To Others