PERKONGSIAN ILMU (Latihan dalam perkhidmatan) 2009

RADZIAH BINTI MOHD YAMIN GURU CEMERLANG SAINS SMK BUKIT SAUJANA PORT DICKSON

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Program Kecemerlangan BIOLOGY SPM 2009

BIOLOGY WORKSHOP Paper 2 (4551/2)

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EXAM FORMAT FOR SPM BIOLOGY

DURATION OF TIME FORMAT OF PAPER
TOTAL

MARKs

ITEM

Section A : Simple Multiple Choice Qn

(1 h) Section B : Moderately difficult MCQ

Section C : Difficult MCQ

25 15 10 5 1/2 1/2 1 1 -

50
60 20 20 33 17 -

25

2
(21/2h)

Sec. A : Compulsory structured item Sec. B : Limited response item [Essay] : Open-response item [Essay]

50

3
(11/2h)

Structured Item Open-response item

PEKA & Persijilan

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100
3

25 -

Paper 2 (4551/2)
Section A ( 5 structure questions ) *answer all *score : 60

Section B (4 essay questions) *answer any two *score : 40

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Biology ..
Understanding not memorising Biological concepts are related , not stand alone More exercise to get use the different type of questions

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Test your understanding Detect your weakness Get use the exam format Acquire answering skill Practice makes perfect

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Use mind mapping / concept mapping to :

Prepare short notes Recall back To fast revision Link up concept See whole concepts
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B. Questions/ITEMs have 4 components

1) Stimuli (S) : Diagrams, Tables, Graphs, Statements 2) Command words (C): Draw.., Describe.., Explain, Justify why, Differentiate, Complete., What conclusion, Compare, Define,State the meaning.., Discuss , Suggest.., Estimate 3) Task (T) : Statements to be written as responses to the items // Concept 4) Marks (M) : Shows how many points must be written.
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Sample Question to identify . S-C-T-M

Example 2 (SPM 2004 / Paper 2 / Section A / No 3d) :

Blood Vessel
X Y

Volume / cm3
100 300
Table 3.2

Pressure /kPa
13.3 0.3

d (i) Based on the table 3.2, What conclusion can you make about the rate of blood flow in the blood vessels X and Y?

Explain your answer.

[2 marks]

F : The rate of blood flow in the blood vessels X / aorta is higher than blood vessels Y / vena cava.
E 1 : X/ aorta carried blood with high pressure from heart whereas Y / vena cava carried blood with low pressure from body cell / tissue E 2 : Lumen size of X / aorta is smaller than lumen size of vena cava/Y
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Name..
Require

the

specific answer. Example: Name one organ where cell Q is found

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Cell Q

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The answer is ..

Gonad Reproductive organ Testes ovary

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Diagram 3.1 shows three stages of mitosis, P, Q and R, in an animal cell. Name the stages P, Q and R in the spaces provided in Diagram 3.1

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Diagram 3.1 shows three stages of mitosis, P, Q and R, in an animal cell. Name the stages P, Q and R in the spaces provided in Diagram 3.1

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State.
More

general.. Example :

State the function of organelle S

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S
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The answer
To

generate energy To generate cellular respiration

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State the chromosome behavior at the following stages. Stage P Stage R

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DRAW..
a pyramid of. Sketch a diagram.. Draw a cross section of Illustrate the above statements .
Construct
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Using the information in figure 6, construct a pyramid of energy for that ecosystem.

FIGURE 6
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The answermust start with

Producer

Carnivore

30 kJ

carnivore

Herbivore 5x103kJ Producer 6 x 104 kJ

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herbivore

Producer
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Grasshopper, Paddy plant, Caterpillar , Frog , Owl , Snake , Rat Based on the above organisms , construct : A food web showing the interaction of all organisms A pyramid of numbers consisting of four trophic levels

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Sketch a diagram to show the movement of the substance across plasma membrane by osmosis

Things to be considered : Plasma membrane, water, sucrose An arrow to show direction of movement Size of water and sucrose molecules Number of water and sucrose molecules

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Suggested diagram
Early situation

Plasma membrane

Water molecule
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Final situation
Sucrose molecule

15
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In the space below, draw a section through the ovule, showing all cells in S. label the cells involved in fertilization.

S : embryo sac Able to draw the cells and show the positions of 8 nucleus Label polar cells and egg cells

S
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Diagram

Polar cells Egg cell

*Labelling for diagram must have connecting lines
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Diagram 5 shows the regulation of specific hormones towards the development in the ovary

In diagram 5, draw the change that occurs to structure T on 26th day.

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T
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Diagram shows the human blood circulatory system

Mark the following flow of blood to illustrate the circulations R and S : Oxygenated blood with arrow Deoxygenated blood with the arrow

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Complete Diagram 4.2 to show a DNA molecule. Part of one of the nucleotide chains has been drawn.

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P
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Cross diagram..

Parental phenotype Parental genotype Key Gamete formation Meiosis Fertilization Offspring genotype Offspring phenotype Phenotype ratio
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Mendel`s First Law : A characteristic of an organism is determined by a pair of genes located at the same locus of a pair of homologous chromosomes. Only one of the pair of genes can be present in a gamete

Illustrate the above statements using the following cross :

female x male black mouse black mouse
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Parent

Cross Diagram
Key : B : black mouse , dominant allele b : white, recessive allele parental phenotype : black x black Bb

parental genotype : Bb

meiosis
gamete :
Fertilization :
B b B b

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 Offspring genotype

BB

Bb

Bb

bb

Offspring phenotype black, black, black, white

Phenotype ratio 3 black : 1 white

Phenotype ratio 3 : 1
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Correct and Complete the Cross Diagram

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Difference
State

aspects for both subject Use or relate the two subject with the same aspect with but / meanwhile / where as
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State one difference between lymph and the blood

Subject : LYMPH vs BLOOD Aspect : COMPONENT in both fluids Suggested Answer : Lymph has no red blood cells but blood has red blood cells // Lymph has no plasma protein meanwhile blood has plasma protein.

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Compare two structures

Similarity and differences

Examples :

Compare two structures of a afferent neurone and a efferent neurone .

1.

2.

.
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afferent efferent

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Location of cell body = aspect afferent n efferent = subject

1. Similarity : Both neurones have myelin sheath, cell body, and dendrite 2. Difference : Location of Cell body of Afferent neurone is at the side of the cell but cell body of efferent neurone is at the end of the cell.
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Explain ..
Facts

(F) = the main point from the question Explanation (E) = why / reason based on the our biology knowledge . Relate F and E by using because / for / that is / to..
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Explain how leaves are adapted to be efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Adaptation

Structure / feature function they have (structure). To ( function).

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at absorbing carbon dioxide

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answer
(F)Has many (F) Spongy stomata mesophyll are loosely (P) Allowing the arranged exchange of between gases between the internal each cell are air part of leaf space and the (P) Allow easy environment. diffusion of carbon dioxide through leaf

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Figure 10 shows a plant cell immersed in different concentrations of sucrose solution Explain

what happen to the cell in situation 2

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F = what happen to the cell in the diagram E1 : state the different osmotic concentrations between internal and external of the cell E2 : state the correct direction of water movement by osmosis.

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The answers
Cell

becomes flaccid The sucrose solution is hypertonic to sap cell Water molecules diffuse out from the cell by osmosis
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Explain the similarities and differences in the formation of two pairs of twins

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 SIMILARITY

DIFFERENCE

Both explanation
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but explanation
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Similarities..
(F)

BOTH involve One sperm fuses with one ovum/secondary oocyte to form a zygote (P) Zygote undergoes mitosis to form a blastocyst
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Differences

F = One blastocyst divides into two but incomplete division in twins P and complete division in twins Q

P = causing the formation of a Siamese twin sharing an organ in any part of body in P and a pair of identical twins in Q.
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Explain base on the situation

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 Pieces Unripe 40oC

papaya

enzyme

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Explain WHY the housewife carries out step 1 and step 2

Step 1

(unripe papaya): contains papain enzymes / protease (pieces of meat & strips of papaya ) : increases TSA To tender / soften the meat

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Step 2 (Temperature 40C)

To

increase rate of enzyme reaction Because 40C is optimum temperature for enzyme action

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Explain why all of the offsprings have black fur .

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Parent Homozygous black Homozygous white

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1. allele for black fur is dominant 2. each gametes carries one allele for the fur color from parents // each offspring receives one allele from each parent. 3. each offspring produced is heterozygous // carries one dominant allele and one recessive allele.

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Based on diagram.

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Explain the changes that occurred in the double helix of the DNA strand during stage I.
1. Fact : double helix of DNA open 2. Explanation : RNA strand is produced

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State two differences between the structure of the protein polypeptide molecule and the DNA molecule.

1. The polypeptide consists of amino acid while DNA consists of nucleotide units / nitrogenous bases 2. the polypeptide is in the form of a single chain but DNA is a double strand 3. polypeptide consists linear chain but DNA consists of helix chain

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Differentiate between the structures of DNA and RNA

1. DNA consists of two nucleotide chains while RNA consists of a single nucleotide chain 2. DNA is longer than RNA 3. DNA consists of helix chain but RNA consists linear chain
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Explain how mutation affect.

1. glutamic acid is replaced by valine in the polypeptide 2. the properties of the polypeptide / protein changes 3. different enzyme / protein // protein changes is produced // the trait shows a defect

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( c ) Explain one feature of thoracic vertebra which is related to the mechanism of respiration.

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Describe
Do

not require any supportive statement Involved mechanism or steps in particular process

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Describe the process shown in figure

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Tell the story.

D1: name of the process : Spermatogenesis D2: spermatogonium cell undergoes mitosis to form two primary spermatocyte. D3: one primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis 1 to form two secondary spermatocytes

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Continue your story

D4 : secondary spermatocytes undergoes meiosis 11 to form spermatids D5 : spermatids undergoes differentiation to form sperms D6 : the number of chromosomes decrease by half the original number // the diploid chromosomes become haploid
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Describe the type of nutrition in P and Q

P
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Organism P ( papaya tree)

1. Autotroph nutrition // photosynthesis

Synthesize / produce its own food / glucose / starch From carbon dioxide, water and light

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Organism Q (Rabbit)
Heterotroph Obtain

nutrition

its food source / organic substances from the surroundings

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GRAPH..based on the graph, explain the differences.

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Divide graph into small parts

At (time , X-axis.) , (y-axis), % of dissolved oxygen .. And % of dissolved carbon dioxide is Because .. (biology knowledge about respiration and photosynthesis )
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Inaccurate answer

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Evaluation
State

/ explain advantages and disadvantages

Give

the reasons or opinion

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Task Words .
Give

an evaluation Explain the above statement to justify Discuss the good and bad effect State your opinion and explain both statement
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Multicellular organisms like humans, need specific transport system as compared to unicellular organisms like Amoeba sp., which do not need a transport system.

Give an evaluation of the above statement based on the physical features of the organisms with the following physiological process : Respiration Nutrition excretion
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Respiration (Amoeba vs Human)

Multicellular organisms : Needs specific gas exchange surface / organ / lungs to exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide Needs transport system to get gasses in and out of tissues
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Answers

Unicellular organisms : No specific organ / surface for gas exchange As the gases exchange can takes place by simple diffusion through the plasma membrane
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Balanced diet : Meat-base fast food

Excess of mineral salt Excess fat Excess protein Insufficient fibre Presence of food preservatives, flavouring and food colouring.

Discuss the effects of consuming meat-base fast food for long time.

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Figure shows an activity carried out near a residential area with the intention to develop the area. However, the residents are worried about the bad effects of the activity.

If

you were a resident of the area, discuss the good and bad effects of the activity.

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 State

the activity carried out Effects of deforestation Consequences of the effects The good purpose of land development
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Samples answer :
1. causes land to be exposed to agents of erosion Flash flood / landslides / shallowing of rivers / infertile soil / loosen soil structure

2. Causes increase in carbon dioxide content Green house effect

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3. destroy natural habitats of organisms. No natural habitat / extinction of organisms / migration

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The good purpose

1.

2.

3.

4.

Develop residence / industry to accommodate the increase in population Increase the job opportunities Develop road system to shorten travelling time Restructuring of infrastructure facilities.
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Diagram 9.2 shows an ecosystem in Malaysia

Based on the diagram 9.2, discuss why the ecosystem has to be maintained.

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Question 1
1(a)(i)P:Pulmonary vein S:Septum (ii) Diagram (iii) Oxygenated blood is blood which contain oxygen that is picked up by the capillaries (b) Explain F: Facts: Q pump blood out from heart to all parts of the body(1 mark) P: To withstand the high pressure of blood flowing through them. Function (1 mark) (c) (i) Diagram (ii) Explain F: Facts: (1 mark) P: Function (1 mark)

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