Subjunctive Mood

indicative mood imperative mood subjunctive mood

Two forms of subjunctive mood

BE-subjunctive WERE-subjunctive

Two forms of subjunctive mood

BE-subjunctive: realized by the base form of

a verb WERE-subjunctive: realized by the verb were(past tense form)

Uses of Subjunctive
Present: 1. If I were tired, I would have a rest. Past: 1. If he had set out earlier, he would have caught the early bus. Future: 1. If I should have time tomorrow, I would go to the library. 2. If he were to come here this evening, we would invite him to attend the party. 3. If it rained this afternoon, the football match would be postponed until next Saturday.

Uses of Subjunctive
The subjunctive is used in English to

express a command, desire, hypothesis, purpose, doubt, or supposition. Content clauses expressing commands, requests, or suggestions commonly use the present subjunctive.

Uses of Subjunctive
such a clause may be introduced by a verb

like propose, suggest, recommend, move (in the parliamentary sense), demand, or mandate, by an adjective like imperative, important, adamant, or necessary, or by a noun like insistence or proposal

Uses of Subjunctive
To express a wish

The past subjunctive is used after the verb

to wish: I wish he were here or I wished he were there. This use of the subjunctive is sometimes known as the "volitional" subjunctive.

Uses of Subjunctive
To express a hypothesis

The past subjunctive is used after the

conjunction if in a contrary-to-fact protasis. For example: If I were a millionaire, I would buy a sports car. If he had a car with him, he could drive us there.

Uses of Subjunctive
By far the most common use of the

subjunctive is the use of the subjunctive after "if" clauses that state or describe a hypothetical situation. If I were a butterfly, I would have wings.

BE-subjunctive
1. Decide,decree, suggest, move

2. advisable, appropriate, essential, imperative 3. decision, decree, instruction, requirement

BE-subjunctive
It is imperative that the new law be

implemented.
If the rumor be true, everything is possible.

If the rumor were true, everything would be possible.

If the rumor should be true, everything is possible

Were-subjunctive
If I were in school again, I would work

harder. Were I in school again, I would work harder.

If I were rich, I would build up a large house for poor people.

Were-subjunctive
simple past

if should
if were to

Inverted conditional clause

Were

Were you in my position, you would do the same. Had

Had I time, I would come. Should

Subjunctive in set phrases

It is (high, about) time (that) I would rather / sooner (that) If only

as if / as though
I wish (that)

Exercises

He left orders that nothing ____ touched until the police arrived here. should be B. ought to be C. must be D. would be 2. I was to have made a speech if ____. A. I was not called away B. nobody would have called me away C. I had not been called away D. nobody called me away

Exercises
3. If you have really been studying English for so long, its about time you ____ able to write letters in English. A. should be B. were C. must be D. are 4. Much as ____, I couldn't lend him the money because I simply didn't have that much spare cash. A. I would have liked to B. I would like to have C. I should have to like D. I should have liked to

Exercises
5. If your car ____ any attention during the first 12

month, take it to an authorised dealer. shall need B. should need C. would need D. will need 6. ____ enough time and money, the researcher would have been able to discover more in this field. A. Giving B. To give C. Given D. Being given

Exercises
7. All of us would have enjoyed the party

much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there. A. weren't B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldn't be 8. ____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it been C. Was it not D. Were it not