Teaching Phonemics

Awareness
&
English Speech Articulation

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 “Fis Phenomenon”
This is a story about a child who called his inflated
plastic fish a fis.

In an imitation of the child’s pronunciation an adult

observer said,“This is your fis.”

child: “No,“my fis.”

adult: “Yes, This is your fis.”

child “No, My fis!”
adult:“Yes, that’s what I’m saying, It’s your fis!”
child( now much irritated):“Noooo, my fis!!!”
Adult: “O.K, this is your fish.”

Child: “Yes, my fis .”

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• This phenomenon is known as
“The fis phenomenon” in Linguistics.

A child hears and recognizes much more

sounds of a language than he can
produce himself!

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“Language is a human vocal noise (or
the graphic representation of this
noise in writing) used systematically
and conventionally for the purpose of
communication”
(David Crystal, 1989)

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 Teaching Language
• Language is a complex phenomenon.
• Teaching language is, in turn, too
hard a task to accomplish.
• Why?
.
.
.

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• We are attempting to teach in the
classroom what is normally___ and
perhaps ___ best learnt outside it.

(Donn Byrne Teaching Oral English

(1982) p.1)

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In order to achieve this uphill task a
teacher must have….
3. BASIC THEORETICAL
KNOWLEDGE OF THE LANGUAGE
SKILLS
must be well equipped with…
2. BASIC TEACHING TECHNIQUES
AND STRATEGIES TO TEACH
THOSE SKILLS

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 Sound & Symbol
• Phonetics
“The branch of linguistics that deals
with speech sounds is called
Phonetics.”
• Phonology
“Scientific study of the sound system
of a particular language is called
phonology.”

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 Phonology

Segmental Supra segmental

study of speech sounds by dividing into

small segments called phonemes

study those sound contrasts that extend

over more than one phoneme

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• Phoneme
“The minimal, meaningful unit of speech.”
 minimal
/h/ cannot be divided further
 meaningful
bill /b I l/
pill /p I l/
till /t I l/
 Phoneme can distinguish a meaning in a
language.

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 English Phonemes
• Letters of the Alphabets: 26
• Consonants: 21
• Vowels: 5
• Phonemes: 42 (British: 44)
• Consonant Sounds: 24
• Vowel Sounds: 18 (British: 20)

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 Phonemic Awareness

“ Recognizing the sound/symbol

relationship in a language is called its
phonemic or phonological awareness ”

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Articulation :

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14
 Diphthongs

/
I /o / /aI / /I / / /ae/

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:Consona nts

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17
 Teaching Phonemic
Awareness
• phonemic awareness must be
accompanied by grapheme awareness.

• Instructions for KGs MUST include:

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• teaching the shapes and sounds of the
first 26 letters;
• the two sounds each for c /s/ /k/,
g /g/ /j/, and s /s/ /z/;
• three sounds each for a/a://æ//ei/,u/ /
/ //u:/ ;
• two sounds for o /a://o /
• three sounds for y; /i:/ /aI/ / /
• and two sounds for e /e/ /i:/ and i /I//aI/.

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 Grade 1 Instructions
Additional sound-letter (phoneme-
:grapheme) relationships
, er, ir, ur, or, ee, ea
ay/ai, ow/ou,ow/oa, aw/au, er/ur/ir,
oy/oi,oo ,th , sh,ch, ng,nk, ar, ck,
,wh,ie/igh

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 Teaching Techniques
Phoneme Isolation:.1
((beginning,middle,or ending sound

CAT/c/ , /æ/,/ /t

:Phoneme Identification.2
CAT,CORNER,K ITE,KETTLE,CAP

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(Sound Synthesis (Blending .3
Blending initial sound onto the
remainder of the word
Blending isolated phonemes together
Blending syllables of a word together

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 Sound-to-Word Matching.4

?Is this a /mmmm/at

Is there a /p/ /p/ /p/ sound
?in cat
What sound does cat start
?/with? /lllllll/or /k//k/ /k

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Onset and Rime.5
hand
band
land
sand

Onset: h,b,l,s
Rime: and

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