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OBJECTIVE 1.Explain the three processes involved in the production of urine a. filtration b. reabsorption c. secretion.. 2.Describe the magnitude of the processes of filtration and reabsorption by the nephron. 3.Describe the composition of normal urine. 4.explain the basic transport mechanisms present in each nephron segment. 5.Describe how water reabsorption is coupled to Na+ reabsorp tion in the proximal tubule. 6.Explain how solutes, but not water , are reabsorbed by the thick ascending limb of Henles loop.
OBJECTIVE - COUNT.
7. Describe how Starling forces regulate solute and water reabsorption across the proximal tubule. 8. Explain glomerulotubular balance and its physiological significance . 9. Identify the major hormones that regulate NaCl and water reabsorption by its nephron segment
50 - 150 meq/l 20 - 70 meq/l 30 - 50 meq/l 5 - 12 meq/l 2 - 18 meq/l 50 - 130 meq/l 20 - 40 meq/l 200 400 mM 6 - 20 mM 5 - 7 500 - 800 mOsm/Kg H2O 0
MECHANISMS OF SOLUTETRANSPORT
PASSIVE . Spontaneous , down an electrochemical gradient no energy requirement. Diffusion Facilitated diffusion ion channel Uniport Coupled transport Antiport Symport
ACTIVE Against an electrochemical gradient, requires direct input of energy Active transport Endocytosis.
Tubuler fluid
Paracelluler pathway Lateral intercellular space
blood
Transcelluler pathway
Tight junction
Na+
ATP
Na+ K+
ATP Apical cell membrane ATP
Na+
Basolateral membrane
Tubular fluid
blood
Na+ X Na+ H+
CA
ATP K+
X
Na+
HCO3
CO2 + H2O
Tubular fluid
0rganics
Na+ Clblood
NaCl H2O
Na+
Clorga nics
org anic
Na+ ClH2O
organics
H2O
Na+ Cl-
Tubular fluid
H+ Hbase Base
Cl-
K+
ClNa+
Tubular fluid
BLOOD
ATP
Di/tri carboxylase
PAH(OA-)
HENLES LOOP
-Reabsorbs approimately 20 % of filtered Na+, Cl and K+ -Ca+, HCO3- and Mg++ -Exclusively in the thick ascending limb -The ascending thin limb and descending thin limb does not reabsorbs. -water is reabsorbed exclusively in the descending thin limb -The ascending limb is impermiable to water
Tubulalar fluid
blood
ClK+ K+ H+ CA
CO2 + H2O
ATP
K+
HCO3
Na+
+
Na+ K+ Ca++ MG++ Paracellular diffusion
Tubular fluid
Na+
Cl-
Na+
ATP ClK+
H2O
Tubular fluid
Na+ Principal cell ATP K+ Na+
blood
K+
Tubular fluid
Intercalated cell ATP H+ CA HCO3
blood
CO2 + H2O
blood
3 2 1 P is IIcap P cap
II is
Basement membrane
H2O H2O
H2O