DC DRIVE BASICS

Purpose of a DC Drive

V
T

Alternating Voltage

T
Direct Voltage

A DC drive converts AC power to DC voltage in order to vary the speed and torque of the motor

DC Motor Review

Speed is primarily determined by Armature Voltage Torque is determined by Armature Current

DC Motor Review

Rotation is the result of two independent electromagnetic fields.

Armature windings Field windings

Extended motor speeds above base speed are achieved by reducing the field voltage (current)
Field Weakening

DC Drive
Field Supply 3 Phase AC Power
L1 L2 L3 T1 T3 T5

Gate

SCR

M
Shunt Field Current Feedback Voltage Feedback

T2 T4 T6

DC Armature

Firing Circuit

Regulator

Operator Control Station

DC Drive Components
DC DRIVE INPUT
V
L1 L2 L3

Field Supply

3 Phase AC Power

T1 T3 T5

Gate

SCR

M
Shunt Field Current Feedback Voltage Feedback

Alternating Voltage

T2 T4 T6

DC Armature

Firing Circuit

Regulator

Operator Control Station

DC Drive Components
Silicon Control Rectifiers (SCR)
L1 L2 L3

Field Supply

3 Phase AC Power

T1 T3 T5

Gate

SCR

M
Shunt Field Current Feedback Voltage Feedback

Permits current to flow in 1 direction Gate signals when conduction occurs

V

T2 T4 T6

DC Armature

Firing Circuit

Regulator

T
Direct Voltage Operator Control Station

DC Drive Components
Field Supply
3 Phase AC Power
L1 L2 L3

Field Supply

T1 T3 T5

Gate

SCR

M
Shunt Field Current Feedback Voltage Feedback

Used to Control Field Voltage/Current

T2 T4 T6

DC Armature

Firing Circuit

Regulator

Operator Control Station

DC Drive Components
Field Supply 3 Phase AC Power
L1 L2 L3 T1 T3 T5

Gate

SCR

M
Shunt Field Current Feedback Voltage Feedback

Sends Instructions to Regulator

T2 T4 T6

DC Armature

Operator Control Station

Firing Circuit

Regulator

Operator Control Station

DC Drive Components
Field Supply 3 Phase AC Power
L1 L2 L3 T1 T3 T5

Gate

SCR

M
Shunt Field Current Feedback Voltage Feedback

Compares instructions feedback signals and send appropriate signal to firing circuit Current (Torque) Voltage (Speed)

T2 T4 T6

DC Armature

Firing Circuit

Regulator

Regulator

Operator Control Station

DC Drive Components
Field Supply 3 Phase AC Power
L1 L2 L3 T1 T3 T5

Gate

SCR

M
Shunt Field Current Feedback Voltage Feedback

Supplies the gate pulses that fire the SCRs

T2 T4 T6

DC Armature

Firing Circuit

Firing Circuit

Regulator

Operator Control Station

Speed Power Curve

Armature Voltage Control Constant Field Current 100 Field Current Control Constant Armature Voltage Constant Power

Power (% of Rated)

C on

st

an

tT
100 Speed (% of Base Speed)

or qu e

Speed Torque Curve

Forms of Stopping

Coast to Rest Ramp Stop Dynamic Braking Regeneration

 Dynamic Braking

Dynamic Braking
Drive Powering Motor

- Dissipates rotating mechanical energy to heat - Faster than coasting to rest - Not Controllable (except by changing the resistor)
Stop Signal Sent Dynamic DB Braking Resistor Resistor

Foward Foward Current Current

M
Dynamic Braking Current

Firing Circuit

Current Feedback Voltage Feedback

Regulator

Operator Control Station

Regeneration
Regeneration - Occurs when load overhaul motor - Puts power back into drive through 2nd set of SCRs Benefits - Stop High Inertia Loads Faster - Return Energy to AC Power Line
Reverse Current Forward Reverse Foward Current

Firing Circuit

Current Feedback Voltage Feedback

Regulator

Operator Control Station

Stopping Time

Dynamic Braking Regenerative Braking Coast Stop Ramp Stop

Speed Regulation
How Much Will the Speed Change

Between No Load and Full Load?

Expressed as a Percentage of Base Speed

Speed Regulation

Feedback Options

Speed Feedback Type Regulation

RE O45 5PY RD-120-1 RL - 1024 2% 1% 1% .01% .01 %

Voltage AC Tachometer DC Tachometer Encoder (pulse) Encoder (pulse)

Feedback device can determine speed regulation

Types of Regulation

Voltage Current (Torque) Speed Position
For discussion purpose, the regulation discussed will be from 0 to base speed.

Types of Regulation

Voltage Regulator Drive Regulates Armature Voltage Feedback = Voltage & Current Speed Changes based on loading (5%) IR Compensation
Improves regulation Measures current feedback

Types of Regulation

Current (Torque) Regulation Adjusts armature voltage to change armature current Feedback = Voltage & Current Drive will provide only the current (torque) it is told

Types of Regulation

Speed Regulation Drive regulates speed of motor by changing armature voltage Feedback = Speed &Current

Types of Regulation

Position Regulation Drive regulates positioning device by changing the armature voltage Feedback = Position & Current

Power Distribution Options

Isolation Transform

Circuit Breaker
Line Reactor
FlexPak 3000 Drive

Inverting Fault Circuit Breaker M

Contactor

Power Distribution Options

Isolation Transform

Circuit Breaker
Provide power off switch Overload capability Thermal Instantaneous Current

FlexPak 3000 Drive

Provides Impedance Reduce Electrical Noise Isolation from ground Protect from external transients Preferred for regenerative applications

Power Distribution Options

Line Reactor
Provides Impedance Reduces Electrical Noise

Inverting Fault Circuit Breaker

FlexPak 3000 Drive

Contactor
Mechanical disconnect to Motor

Provides power off switch Overload (Instantaneous Current)

Power Distribution Options

Disconnect Switch
Provides power off switch to drive Less expensive than circuit breaker

FlexPak 3000 Drive

DC Drive Modifications
Blower Motor Starter 115 V Control Interface Enhanced Field Supply

Electronic Field Trim (240 V Drives only) Field Economy Field Current Regulator

DC Drive Modifications
Blower Motor Starter

AC motor starter
Control of 3-phase blower motor Fused with adjustable overload & interlocking

DC Drive Modifications
115 V Control Interface

Converts customer supplied 115 V to 24 VDC Inputs & Outputs

Run Stop Jog Fwd/Rev Auto/Man Coast Stop Customer Interlock

DC Drive Modifications

Enhanced Field Supply Adjust field voltage to control field flux Electronic Field Trim
Changes Field Voltage/Current

Field Economy
Supply minimum voltage to keep motor warm

DC Drive Modifications

Field Current Regulator Actually regulates field current Improves regulation performance

DC Drive Terms

Constant Torque Variable Hp Cogging Full Wave / Half Wave Regulation (% of rated) M Contactor Contactor Turn down Ratio Enclosures (Page XIV)

Questions ???