KADAZAN

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION RELIGION CULTURE CELEBRATIONS CLOTHES LANGUAGE FOOD MUSIC AND DANCES

INTRODUCTION
The Kadazans are an ethnic group indigenous to the state of Sabah in Malaysia. They are found mainly at Penampang on the west coast of Sabah, the surrounding locales, and various locations in the interior. Due to similarities in culture and language with the Dusun ethnic group, and also because of other political initiatives, a new unified term called "Kadazan-dusun" was created. Collectively, they form the largest ethnic group in Sabah.

There are a number of tribes in the Kadazan-Dusun. Kadazandusun is the largest native indigenous people in Sabah. According to the Kadazan Cultural Association Sabah (KDCA), Kadazandusun refers to forty-one ethnic as follows: Bisaya, Kuijau, Murut, Rivers, Bonggi, Lingkabau, Nabai, Tatana, Bundu, Liwan, Paitan, Tangara, Dumpas, Lobu, Pingas, Tidong, Gana, Lotud, Rumanau, Tindal, Garo, Lundayo, Rungus, Tobilung, Idaan, Makiang, Sinobu, Tolinting, Kadayan, Malapi, Sinorupu, Tombonuo, Kimaragang, Mangkaak, Sonsogon, Tuhawon, Kolobuan Minokok, Sukang, Tutung.

The Nunuk Ragang legend

It was said that the Kadazan/Dusun people originated from a place called Nunuk Ragang which is roughly located at Tampias, where three rivers, Liwagu, Takashaw, and Gelibang meet to the east of Ranau and Tambunan. Nunuk is a Dusun word for Bayan Tree, Ragang comes from the word Aragang which means red. Nunuk look like giant that provide good natural shelters. Its tree top was estimated to be able to shelter under seven Kadazan/Dusun huts (a hut measure 12 by 20 feet).

RELIGION
The influence of the Spanish missionaries from the Philippines resulted in Christianity, in its Roman Catholic form, rising to prominence amongst Kadazans. A minority of them are Protestants due to later British influence during the 20th century. Before the missionaries came into scene animism was the predominant religion. The Kadazan belief system centers around the spirit or entity called Kinorohingan. It revolved around the belief that spirits ruled over the planting and harvesting of rice, a profession that had been practiced for generations. Special rituals would be performed before and after each harvest by a tribal priestess known as a bobohizan.

CULTURE
At first, The kadazandusun in Sabah practice animism. This faith-based beliefs and customs inherited "pagan" races. For kadazandusun society, God is "Kinorohingan" who dwells in another world.According to folk belief kadazandusun, Kinorohingan a god in which they ask for something like security and protection against disease. Kinorohingan can also prevent the influence of the supernatural as "Roogon" or the devil. Kadazandusun community believe that the souls of the dead will go to Mount Kinabalu and when the time comes the soul will go to heaven or hell.

CELEBRATIONS
Family Day or "Meginakan
Dusun community have family unity ceremony called meginakan. All members of the family are invited to a ceremony and prayed for alcohol Gampian Kinomol led by those familiar megendi and run at night. After the ceremony, they take bamboo or "Telutuk" to hit "Tontongon" for sound. According to their belief bamboo batting to improve the world. Family Day was attended by all members of the family and the village community for 7 consecutive days.

Momohizan ceremony
Momohizan ceremony was held in August or September when the rice harvest is complete. Momohizan ceremony held to adore the spirit of rice and feed the guardian spirit of paddy rice that helps to nourish and protect fields from any illness or natural disaster. The ceremony is usually held at home momohizan Kadazandusun family wealthy. Meanwhile, the less will be asked to pray together or in Kadazan language 'mikiompit'.

Two weeks before the ceremony was conducted host will ask the villagers to help provide 'fermented' which is a traditional liquor Kadazan. Momohizan ceremony started in the evening of the invitation to attend after all. Some people Bobohizan (Kadazandusun shaman) who dressed in black will come together and begin the ceremony by calling 'miontong pomumuon' (house keeper / rice spirit) When finished reading the summoning spells in other words when all miontong and 'tasab' (angels rice ) has compiled the Bobohizan will sprinkle yeast powder (manasad) over rice were served on nyiru and placed in the well of the

HUMABOT
Humabot ceremony is Kadazandusun customs practiced by the tribe's ancestors when setting up a new home. A family of this tribe will build a house will ask for a spell on the land directly visit the home site is set up. Bobohizan inserting objects such as salt, button shirt and wood dust sapad to place poles are driven. After that Bobohizan will sprinkle water around the house site and read the mantra, the aim is to drive the evil spirits who roam the site is a trusted home will bring evil or in language kadazandusun 'kopizo' column are driven if hosts are dreamed good, but if otherwise, then the baseboard will be diverted slightly from the original site.

When the house was built, Bobohizan will be called again and this time the ceremony 'momodu' or bathing house will be conducted. Bobohizan will read the mantra while the men will ignite the flames on the ends of bamboo wrapped with rubber (sikalap) and carry this torch-frames mengililingi roof while cheering or 'defied'. This is to repel evil spirits carrier catastrophe.

Harvest Festival
Harvest Festival or known as 'Tadau Ka'amatan' celebrated by the Kadazan Dusun as celebrating the best harvest. The festival is usually celebrated during the month of May. The festival is the culmination Kaamatan beauty pageant, dance traditions and rituals conducted by Bobohizan peak. Magavau is important and thanksgiving ceremony conducted in a paddy field on the first day of the waxing moon night after harvest.

Bobohizan would read spells and a warrior with sword swinging traditional dress walking to dispel evil spirits. Foods such as rice wine and rice will be served as a feast to the soul. According Kadazan belief, rice is part of the spirit Kinoingan worshiped as the creator and powerful to the source of life and existence. They noted that rice is the source of life. When Kaamatan Festival, people will impose their traditional costumes and have fun all day. Fermented beverages' rice wine 'served as special drink and the people would greet each other with the greeting' Kopivosian Tadau Ka'amatan 'which means' Happy Harvest Day, But, on this day is celebrated Harvest Festival celebration commemorating interfaces festival has been celebrated since hereditary

CLOTHES
Kadazandusun famous people who have a lot of rich sub-ethnic groups with their own culture. Therefore, every community in the Kadazan-hamlet has its own traditional clothing difference. Each ethnic Kadazan-grove race has its own unique character of traditional ethnic clothing example Bundu village in Ranau and Tambunan Liwan is different in traditional attire for ethnic Lotud in Tuaran and Kota Marudu Kimaragang.

This dress usually worn dimusim festivals such as Harvest Festival and special ceremonies such as weddings. Usually, the girl from the Kadazandusun will demonstrate this kind of traditional costume when there Unduk Ngadau Harvest competition at the state of Sabah. Among the Kadazan tribe clothing differences orchards are as follows: Clothing Kadazandusun rich tradition with its uniqueness. This is because, it is different from one place to another place. Each ethnic Kadazandusun have differences in clothing tredisinyaSuku The Penampang Kadazan

i. Features traditional costume. Sleeveless blouse with black velvet for women (Sinuangga). Short sleeved blouse with black (velvet) for women petengahan age. (Sinompukung) Long sleeved blouse for elderly women, particularly 'bobohizan' (Kinoingan). Black velvet shirt, or long to the man. Sarong (but) long lacy 'ceiling', black Headpiece - a variety of patterns and motifs in weaving

ii. Costume jewelry. Lace 'ceiling' golden key various patterns.

iii. Jewelery Himpogot - silver syling money. Tinggot - colored belt perakdiperbuat of money early 20th century syling dollar-han. Tangkong - Made from metal smelting copper gong and ringshaped resolutely (husau) are sleeved in fine rattan circle. Bracelet (gohong) Necklace (hamai) Earrings (simbong) Ring (sinsing) Golden Brooch

LANGUAGE
Language is a vehicle of communication and communication between people. As the social, language is an important tool to convey meaning, it is also the symbol of arbitrary speech used as a tool to connect the human and the dialect is a variation of the language spoken is determined by region and depending on where one is born (S.Nathesan, 1995 ).

Language is an introduction and foundation of unity for all races. Similarly Kadazandusun who have their own language is Bahasa Kadazan. This language is the identity for sukukaum Kadazan. Should disappeared then a people's language will be extinct. Therefore, this Kadazandusun language should be developed and maintained so as not to be lost. According to Dr. Jacqueline Pugh-Kitingan (1987) using fourteen family Dusun language. Among the Dusun language is Liwan, Tagas, Dusun Tambunan, Tuhauwon and Kuruyou. Dusun Liwan concentrated in Ranau district.

For developing and maintaining the native language Kadazandusun fade away then several efforts have been undertaken eg Kadazandusun language was first taught in some primary schools selected for the pilot project teaching and learning Kadazan.

Integrated Curriculum for Primary Schools Kadazandusun language is to enable students master basic skills and acquire knowledge to communicate and appreciate and membanggai language.

Education in the state to grow due to another official language taught in a particular system of primary schooling. In addition to the State Department of Education, several bodies and other organizations also play an important role in the development and maintenance of such Kadazandusun language Kadazandusun Language Foundation (KLF), Koisaan Cultural Development Institute (KDI), Kadazan Cultural Association Sabah (KDCA), the State Library ( PNS).

Kadazan is the largest tribe in the state. They speak many dialects in the Kadazan language. Although there are differences, but they are still in stock Kadazandusun. By having Kadazandusun language education in primary schools now, then this will Kadazan language in mertabatkan and maintained and can be kept from extinction

FOOD
Food for a people is the identity and identification of a people. There are many types of food in society Kadazan. Usually we can see a variety of dishes at festivities such as Harvest Festival which is celebrated every year on 30 and 31 May In addition to the festival, usually Kadazandusun living in the village, still practice a traditional cooking this dish. We also get to see and feel this kind of dish in the ceremony such as weddings and other occasions held by Kadazandusun.

Indeed, traditional food for the Kadazandusun is very different from other people in the state. In addition to delicious food, of course, it also has its own uniqueness. The Traditional Food Kadazandusun

HINAVA

The material * Mackerel - only flesh, bones removed and finely chopped * 6 Cloves Onion (sliced) * 2 Cloves Garlic (chopped) * Lime Cotton Seeds 3-4 (Take juice) * A little salt, seasoning powder, Ginger * Bitter gourd - Sliced fine * Red chillies - finely sliced * Chilli padi

The means 1) Mackerel cleaned first, then chopped up fine. 2) Pour some hot water over the fish for 1 minute and drain. 3) All the material has been finely sliced Mix above together with the fish. 4) Then cotton mixed with lemon juice. 5) a try recipes from the Sabah Land Below the Wind delicious BAH!!

Pinasakan

Another dish well liked by the people is the Pinasakan sada or boiled fish. Pinasakan or Pinarasakan is simple but the result can be quite tasty. ingredients: fish,bambangan/ mango, salt, water,chilli,turmeric (kunyit)

How to make : The fish is gutted and cleaned and lined up in a work. Salt is then sprinkled on it as well as other ingredients like young mango fruit cut into slices or young bambangan fruit. After that water is poured on it with a dash of cooking oil and then it is left to cook. It should be cooked until the water dry. By that time, the fish should be soft. It is then eaten with rice.
^_^ pasakan means cook with less water

NOONSOM SADA

Materials: 1 catty of freshwater fish 15 pieces of fruit a dry Pangi 3 cups of cold white rice 6-8 teaspoons salt Method: Fish used is kind of freshwater fish, cleaned and preserved using Pangi pulp (crushed), rice and garam.Campurkan all the ingredients into a container and filled the bottle / small tajau and leave it for ten or twelve days to be eaten.

Additinal Information: Pangi (Pangium edule Reinw) Irma is a poisonous tree, but the seeds not have been extensively utilized for many favorite dishes. The fresh leaves or seeds or the oil are Used as an anticeptic, disinfectant or anti-parasitic, to Preserve meat and to kill fish. Other name for Pangi are Pangium edule (Indonesian: keluak or keluwak; Malay: drunken)]

BAMBANGAN
Bambangan/noonsom bambangan
Another dishes from Sabah which has very unique flavour is "Bambangan". The iban people in Sarawak called it - " mawang". Bambangan is a type of wild mango with brown skin and a somewhat pungent smell. This is not eaten fresh as a fruit but made into a pickle or cooked with fish for a distinctive flavour. Nevertheless, some iban people like to eat it as fruit.

Bambangan is one of the kadazan dusun people's choices for a sour tang to their food. sometimes, the mango is fried with onion and chilli and served as a side-dish or sambal. The Bambangan also can mixed with grated seeds to make the flavour more delicious! You can get your Bambangan at "tamu" markets or street markets in Sabah.don't miss this speciality when you come to Sabah!

HOW TO MAKE A HOMEMADE NOONSOM BAMBANGAN INGREDIENTS:

5 bambangan fruits (bacang) ripe 2 cloves/seed bambangan Salt 50 gm red chilli 20 gm chilli

Method: Peel the bambangan fruit. Take the contents only. Cut lengthwise measuring half an inch. Shopping bambangan seeds and take its contents. Rought grated. Red chillies split in two. Mix all ingredients and mix well. Store in an airtight bottle for a week before they can be eaten. Eaten with grilled fish or salted fish.

MUSIC AND DANCES

DANCES
Sumazau celebrate the harvest
Did you know, dance is a traditional dance elegantly Sabahans are very famous in the Land Below the Wind, other well-known throughout Malaysia generally. It is a traditional dance-orchard Kadazan tribe who often performed at the event which means Tadau Harvest Harvest Day is celebrated in the state on each May

Samazau dance seems to show farmers are being chase the birds from eating their rice crops. Each dancer is what makes this dance must move a few centimeters from another dancer without contact.

In ritual, it fulfills a variety of functions such as dances for thanksgiving, pertaining to planting and harvesting rice, in addition to pushing his, nurture the spirit and cure diseases.

This dance involves peasants mobilized men and women with traditional ethnic wear is concerned. The dance is played with gongs accompaniment, usually eight gong drums of various sizes and with specific rhythm. Tempo and rhythm of gong is elegantly shot vary by region and country. The dance is also made possible with both hands raised to shoulder level and flown - like a bird's wings flap, as the tempo tunes played slowly and gently. The dancers, male and female, facing each other and they move the legs with small steps, heels up and down to the beat of the music.

While dancing, dikepakkan hand and move it down just like a bird flying. Sumazau is usually performed during festive and banquets, but the original purpose of this dance is to welcome Bambaazon (rice spirit) was usually done after rice harvest. Dancers are also usually charge elegantly dressed all in black decorated interesting patterns using gold thread. The women decorated scarf and belt (tangkong) made of silver coins (trade dollars). Male dancers usually wear black clothes tanjak well and crossed silad leaves dry.

Now, dance elegantly presented in many gatherings such as weddings, receptions celebrating the arrival of dignitaries, where it was pulled all attendees regardless of race and age to enliven any occasion without the traditional black dress.

MUSIC (JAMBATAN TAMPARULI) Pak pak kang ku doh Sumunsui doh jambatan Jambatan doh Tamparuli Bakasut tinggi oku Sumunsui doh jambatan Jambatan doh Tamparuli Pak pak kang ku doh Bakasut tinggi oku Silaka nodi kasutku Naratu lo jambatan Tinggal poh doh sutakin Nowid ku di numuli Ontok di hari 3 Tamu lo Tamparuli Mingusuk poh hilo kadai Mogihum doh kasut tinggi Ulang (semua)

SOURCE
http://chillgideon.blogspot.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadazan_people http:// bukuskrapbudaya.blogspot.com/2012/03/kebudayaankaum-Kadazan-dusun.html http://www.liriklagumuzika.com/2008/08/lirik-lagurakyat-sabah-jambatan.html#ixzz2JPMFtfnP