GENERATIONS O

COMPUTERS

Group - 5

HISTORY
The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
First

Generation (1942-1955) Vacuum Tubes Second Generation (1955-1964) Transistors Third Generation (1964-1975) Integrated Circuits Fourth Generation (1975-1989) Microprocessors Fifth Generation (1989- Till Date) Artificial Intelligence

FIRST GENERATION (1942-1955)

HARDWARE TECHNOLOGIES Vacuum Tube Electromagnetic Relay Punch cards used for secondary storage SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES Machine end assembly languages Stored program

SYSTEM REPRESENTATIVE

ENAC, EDVAC,EDSAC, UNIVAC I, IBM 701

FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS

ADVANTAGES:Vacuum tubes were the only electronic components available during those days.. Vacuum tube technology made possible the advent of electronic digital computers.

DISADVANTAGES:Too bulky in size. Unreliable. Air conditioning required. Constant maintenance require.

SECOND GENERATION (1955-1964)

HARDWARE TECHNOLOGIES

Transistors, magnetic cores memory. Magnetic type and disk use for secondary storage memory.
SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES

Batch operating system High level programming language.

SYSTEM REPRESENTATIVE

HONEYWELL 400, IBM 7030, CDC 1604, UNIVAC LARC

SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS

ADVANTAGES:Smaller in size as compare to first generation computer. Less heat generated. More reliable

DISADVANTAGES:Air conditioning required. Frequent maintenance required Commercial production was difficult and costly. Manual assembly of individual components into a functioning unit was required.

THIRD GENERATION (1964-1975)

HARDWARE TECHNOLOGIES

Ics with SSI & MSI technologies. Larger technologies, Larger magnetic cores. SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES

Timesharing Operating system Standardization of high- level programming Lang.

SYSTEM REPRESENTATIVE

IBM 360/370, PDP-8, PDP-11, CDC 6600

THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS

ADVANTAGES:Smaller in size as compare to previous generation. Even lower heat generate than second generation. Maintenance cost is low because hardware failures are rare.

DISADVANTAGES:Air conditioning required in some cases. Highly sophisticated technology required for the manufactures of IC chips.

FOURTH GENERATION (1975-1989)

HARDWARE TECHNOLOGIES

ICs with VLSI technology. Micro processor , Semi conductors, Memory. Hard disk, Floppy, Tapes. SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES

Operating System for PCs GUI Multiple window on a single terminal screen. SYSTEM REPRESENTATIVE

IBM PC & Its Clones, Apple II, TRS- 80.

FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS

ADVANTAGES:Smallest in size because of high component density. Very reliable Cheapest among all generations

DISADVANTAGES:

Highly sophisticated technology required for the manufactures of LSI chips.

FIFTH GENERATION (1989- TILL DATE)

HARDWARE TECHNOLOGIES

Ics with ULSI technology . Large capacity. Main memory. SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES World wide web. Multimedia application. Internet based application. SYSTEM REPRESENTATIVE IBM Note Books, Pentium PCs, SUN Workstation, PARAM 2000

FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS

ADVANTAGES:More Advance, More powerful Reliable Cheaper & Eaiser to use desktop Machine.

THANK YOU
SOURCE- COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL BY P. K. SINHA (BPB PUBLICATION)