Huawei Confidential.

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Parameters Optimization
ISSUE 1.0
Internal Use
1
Review

Parameters Optimization is an important step after

RF Optimization

Service quality and network resources utilization

will be improved after Parameters Optimization
Internal Use
2
Review
New Sites Intergrated
Single Site Verification
Cluster of Sites
ready?
RF Optimisation
Services Testing &
Parameter Optimisation
Regular Reference Route
Testing & Stats Analysis
Re- optimisation
Needed?
YES
NO
YES
NO
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3
Objectives
Upon completion this course, you will
be able to:

Understand the procedure of Parameters

Optimization

Master the contents of Parameters

Optimization.
Internal Use
4
Chapter 1 Parameters Optimization
Procedure


Chapter 2 Parameters Optimization
Content

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5
Parameters Optimization Procedure
Data Input and Find
Problems
Verify Parameter Problems
Other Process Classify Parameter Problems
Determine Parameter Values to be
Modified and List MML Commands
Evaluate Changing Effects
Prepare Test Plan and Implement
Changing
Test , Get Data again and Compare
Problems Eliminate Or Need not Change more
End
Determine whether Changing
End
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
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6
Data Input and Find Problems
Data Input
Drive Test Data
KPI Network Statistic Data
Network Tracing Message
Network Warning Information
Problems
Use Input Data to find out the Problems such as
- Call Setup Success Rate Low
- Handover Success Rate Low
- Drop Call Rate High etc.
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7
Verify Parameter Problems
Parameter Problems
No RF Problems
No Hardware/Software Problem
Related with Environment
Or Speed
Parameters never Optimized
Before
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8
Classify Parameter Problems

Mobile Management Parameter Problems

Power Control Parameter Problems

Power Configuration Parameter Problems

Load Control Parameter Problems

Other Parameter Problems

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9
Determine Parameter Values

List Parameters Changing Form

Original Parameter Values vs. New Parameter Values

List Parameters Changing MML Command

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Evaluate Changing Influence

Evaluate influence on Customer Service and Other Networks

Evaluate influence on OMC ( Efforts , Maintenance)

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11
Prepare Test Plan and Implement Changing

Prepare Test schedule , Routes, Tools and be ready to get Information .

Change Parameters and Make Records.

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12
Chapter 1 Parameters Optimization
Procedure


Chapter 2 Parameters Optimization
Content

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13
Chapter 2 Parameter Optimization Contents
1. Cell Selection & Reselection

2. Handover
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14
Parameters Optimization Contents

Mobile Management Parameters Optimization

Power Control Parameters Optimization

Power Configuration Parameters Optimization

Load Control Parameters Optimization

Note: Because there are a lot of parameters , it is not possible to introduce
every parameter . Only some parameters about network optimization are mentioned here
and maybe more parameters need to be added in the future.

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15
Mobile Management Parameters Optimization

Cell Selection & Reselection

-
Only for UE in Idle more or Cell_FACH, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH
- Changing of cell on which UE camped on,
- To ensure UE is always connected to the best serving cell to receive
system information and establishing RRC connection

Handover
-
Changing cell for UE in CELL_DCH mode
- Ensure seamless coverage and load balancing.



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16
Cell Selection & Reselection Procedure
Initial
Cell Selection
Any Cell
Selection
go here
when no
USIM in
the UE
USIM inserted
Camped on
any cell
go here whenever a
new PLMN is
selected
1
no cell information
stored for the PLMN
cell information
stored for the PLMN
Stored
information
Cell Selection
no suitable cell found
no suitable
cell found
Cell Selection
when leaving
connected
mode
suitable cell found 2
suitable
cell found
Camped
normally
suitable cell found
no suitable
cell found
leave
idle mode
return to
idle mode
Connected
mode
Cell
Reselection
Evaluation
Process
suitable
cell found
trigger
no suitable
cell found
1
Cell Selection
when leaving
connected
mode
no acceptable cell found
acceptable
cell found
acceptable
cell found
suitable
cell found 2
leave
idle mode
return to
idle mode
Connected
mode
(Emergency
calls only)
Cell
Reselection
Evaluation
Process
acceptable
cell found
trigger
no acceptable
cell found
NAS indicates that
registration on selected
PLMN is rejected
(except with cause #14
or #15 [5][16])
Internal Use
17
Cell Selection Criteria (S Criteria)
The cell selection criterion S is fulfilled when:


for FDD cells: Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0
for TDD cells: Srxlev > 0

Where:

Squal = Q
qualmeas
Qqualmin
Srxlev = Q
rxlevmeas
- Qrxlevmin - Pcompensation
When UE wants to select an UMTS cell , the cell should satisfy S Criterion.
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18
Cell Selection Parameters
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19
Cell Re-selection Measure Condition

Uses Squal for FDD cells and Srxlev for TDD for Sx

Sx > Sintrasearch, UE need not perform intra-frequency measurements.

Sx <= Sintrasearch, perform intra-frequency measurements.

If Sintrasearch is not sent for serving cell, perform intra-frequency
measurements.

Sx > Sintersearch, UE need not perform inter-frequency measurements.

Sx <= Sintersearch, perform inter-frequency measurements.

If Sintersearch, is not sent for serving cell, perform inter-frequency
measurements.

Sx > SsearchRAT m, UE need not perform measurements on cells of

RAT"m".

If Sx <= SsearchRAT m, perform measurements on cells of RAT "m".

If SsearchRAT m, is not sent for serving cell, perform measurements on cells
of RAT "m".
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Cell Reselection Criteria (R Criteria)

1) All cells satisfy S Criteria.

2) Select the Cell with the highest R value using the following method:

Cells are ranked according to the R criteria.
R values are calculated using CPICH RSCP, P-CCPCH RSCP and the averaged received
signal level for FDD, TDD and GSM cells, respectively.
In all cases, the UE shall reselect the new cell, only if the following conditions are met:
- New cell is better ranked than the serving cell during a time interval Treselection.
- More than 1 second has elapsed since UE camped on the current serving cell.
R
s
= Q
meas,s
+ Q
hyst, s
R
n
= Q
meas,n
- Q
offset, s,n
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Cell Reselection Parameters
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22
Cell Reselection Parameters
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23
Chapter 2 Parameter Optimization Contents
1. Cell Selection & Reselection

2. Handover
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24
Handover Procedure
Node B
Node B
Node B
Intra-frequency cells
Neighbor cells both from same NodeB or
other NodeBs
Measurement report
Handover decision
measurement control
Measurement and filtering
Handover execution
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25
Soft Handover Example
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26
Soft Handover Procedure
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27
Soft Handover Event 1A

1A (Add a cell in Active Set)

) 2 / ( 10 ) 1 ( 10 10
1 1
1
a a Best
N
i
i New New
H R LogM W M Log W CIO LogM
A
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
> +

=
MNew : Measurement result of cell entering the reporting range.
CI ONew : Cell individual offset for the cell entering the reporting range
if an individual cell offset is stored for that cell. Otherwise it is equal to 0.
Mi : Measurement result of a cell not forbidden to affect reporting range in
the active set.
NA : The number of cells not forbidden to affect reporting range in the
current active set.
MBest : Measurement result of the cell not forbidden to affect reporting range
in the active set with the highest measurement result, not taking into account
any cell individual offset.
W : Parameter sent from UTRAN to UE.
R1a : Reporting range constant.
H1a : Hysteresis for the event 1a.
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Soft Handover Event 1B

1B (Remove a cell from Active Set)

) 2 / ( 10 ) 1 ( 10 10
1 1
1
b b Best
N
i
i Old Old
H R LogM W M Log W CIO LogM
A
+ +
|
|
.
|

\
|
s +

=
MOld : Measurement result of the cell leaving the reporting range.
CI O
Old
: Cell individual offset for the cell leaving the reporting range if
an individual cell offset is stored for that cell. Otherwise it is equal to 0.
Mi : Measurement result of a cell not forbidden to affect reporting range in the
active set.
NA : Number of cells not forbidden to affect reporting range in the current
active set.
M
Best
: Measurement result of the cell not forbidden to affect reporting range
in the active set with the lowest measurement result, not taking into account
any cell individual offset.
W : Parameter sent from UTRAN to UE.
R1b : Reporting range constant.
H1b : Hysteresis for the event 1b.
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Soft Handover Event 1C

1C (A non-active primary CPICH becomes better than an active primary CPICH. If

Active Set is not full ,add the non-active cell into active set .Otherwise use the cell
substitute the active cell . )
2 / 10 10
1c InAS InAS New New
H CIO LogM CIO LogM + + > +
MNew : Measurement result of the cell not included in the active set.
CI ONew : Cell individual offset for the cell becoming better than the cell in the active
set if an individual cell offset is stored for that cell. Otherwise it is equal to 0.
MI nAS : Measurement result of the cell in the active set with the highest
measurement result.
MI nAS : Measurement result of the cell in the active set with the lowest
measurement result.
CI OI nAS : Cell individual offset for the cell in the active set that is becoming worse
than the new cell.
H1c : Hysteresis parameter for the event 1c.
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Soft Handover Event 1D

1D (
Change of best cell. If the chosen cell is not in Active Set , add
the cell into Active Set and modify measurement control .Otherwise only
modify measurement control. )


2 / 10 10
1d Best Best NotBest NotBest
H CIO LogM CIO LogM + + > +
MNotBest : Measurement result of a cell not stored in "best cell"
CI ONotBest : Cell individual offset of a cell not stored in "best cell" .
MBest: Measurement result of the cell stored in "best cell".
CI OBest : Cell individual offset of a cell stored in "best cell" .
H1d : Hysteresis parameter for the event 1d.
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31
Soft Handover Parameters
Parameter Name Description Default Setting
IntraRelThdFor1A Relative thresholds of soft handover for Event 1A (R1a) 10 , namely 5dB (step 0.5)
IntraRelThdFor1B Relative thresholds of soft handover for Event 1B (R1b) 10 , namely 5dB (step 0.5)
Hystfor1A, Hystfor1B,
Hystfor1C, Hystfor1D
Soft handover hysteresis (H1x) 6,namely 3dB (step 0.5) for H1a .
8,namely 4dB(step 0.5) for H1b,
H1c,H1d.
CellIndividalOffset Cell CPICH measured value offset; the sum of this parameter
value and the actually tested value is used for UE event
estimation. (CIO)
0
WEIGHT Weighting factor, used to determine the relative threshold of
soft handover according to the measured value of each cell in
the active set.
0
TrigTime1A,TrigTime1B,
TrigTime1C,TrigTime1D
Soft handover time-to-trigger parameters (event time-to-trigger
parameters. Only the equation are always satisfied during the
trigger time, the event will be triggered).
D640, namely 640ms .
FilterCoef Filter coefficient of L3 intra-frequency measurement D5 ,namely 5
Internal Use
32
Intersystem Handover CS Domain Procedure
UE
1. RRC Connect Req
15. RAB Assign Req
NODEB RNC
3G MSC BSS 2G MSC
2. RRC Setup Complete
3. Measure Control (measure ID 0x1 )
4. Measure Control (measure ID 0x2 )
5.Initial UE message(service request)
6.DL DT (Authentication Request)
7.UL DT (Authentication Response)
8.Common ID
9. Security Mode Command
10. Security Mode Command
11. Security Mode CMP
12. Security Mode CMP
13. UL DT(Setup)
14. DL DT(Call proceeding)
17.RL Recfg Ready
21 RAB Assign Resp
20 RB Setup Cmp
19 RB Setup
16.RL Recfg Prep
18.RL Recfg Commit
22. DL DT( Alerting )
23. DL DT( Connect)
24. UL DT(Connect Ack)
26.RL Recfg Prep
28 PhyCh Reconfig
29.RL Recfg Comit
27.RL Recfg Ready
30 PhyCh Reconfig CMP
31 Meaure Control(ID3 )
32Measure Report 33 Relocation Required
34 Relocation Command
35. HandoverFromUtranCommand
44 Iu Release Req
46 RL Del Resp
45 RL Del Req
47 Iu Release Complete


25 Measure Report(2D)
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33
Intersystem Handover Measure
1) Inter-frequency measurement reporting Event 2D ,2F

to reflect the currently used frequency quality.

Event 2d: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below a certain threshold.

The variables in the formula are defined as follows:

QUsed : Quality estimate of the used frequency.

TUsed 2d : The absolute threshold that applies for the used frequency and event 2d.

H2d : Hysteresis parameter for the event 2d.

Event 2f: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is above a certain threshold.

The variables in the formula are defined as follows:

QUsed : The quality estimate of the used frequency.

TUsed 2f : The absolute threshold that applies for the used frequency and event 2f.

H2f : Hysteresis parameter for the event 2f.

2 /
2 2 d d Used Used
H T Q s
2 /
2 2 f f Used Used
H T Q + >
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34
Intersystem Handover Measure

2)
RNC Receive 2D reports
( i.e current serving carrier signal is poor ) :
- RNC sends Measurement Control (ID3); Allow UE to begin measure other system signal.
- UE will send measurement result reports periodically
- When Received 2F reports ( i.e current serving carrier signal is no longer poor), RNC sends
Measurement Control (ID3, but different contents) to let UE stop measuring other system
signal .

3) When RNC received periodical reports ,RNC use the following formula to judge whether it
should handover UE to another system .

Mother_RAT + CIO > Tother_RAT + H/2

Tother_RAT : Inter-system handover decision threshold
Mother_RAT : Inter-system (GSM RSSI) measurement result received by RNC
CIO : Cell Individual Offset, which is the inter-system cell setting offset;
H : Hysteresis,

If the formula is met, a trigger-timer called TimeToTrigForSysHo will be started, and a
handover decision will be made when the timer expires;


Note: If inter-system quality satisfies the following condition before the timer expires:
Mother_RAT + CIO < Tother_RAT - H/2
timer will stopped, and RNC will waiting to receive the next inter-system measurement report.
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Intersystem Handover Parameters
Internal Use
36
Parameters Optimization Contents

Mobile Management Parameters Optimization

Power Control Parameters Optimization

Power Configuration Parameters Optimization

Load Control Parameters Optimization

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37
Power Control Parameters Optimization

Power Control Characteristics

Minimize the interference in the network, thus improve capacity and
quality

Maintain link quality in uplink and downlink by adjusting the powers

Overcome near far effect by providing minimum required power

level for each connection

Provides protection against shadowing and fast fading

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38
Power Control Classification

UE NodeB RNC
SIR Target
Bler/Ber SIR
TPC Command
Outer Loop Power Control
Inner Loop Power Control
Open Loop Power Control
Open Loop Power Control
To determine UEs initial uplink transmit power in PRACH and NodeBs initial downlink transmit power
in DPDCH.

Outer Loop power control
To maintain the quality of communication at the level of bearer service quality requirement, while using
power as low as possible.

Inner loop power control (also called fast closed loop power control
To adjust UEs uplink / NodeBs downlink DPCH.
Power of every one slot in accordance with TPC commands.
Inner loop power control frequency is 1500Hz
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Open Loop Power Control - Uplink

Preamble_Initial_Power = Primary CPICH TX power - CPICH_RSCP
+ UL interference + Constant Value


Primary CPICH TX power , UL interference and Constant Value are broadcasted in the System Information
and CPICH_RSCP is the measured value by UE
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40
Open Loop Power Control - Downlink
R : User bit rate.
W : Chip rate (3.84M).
Pcpich : Primary CPICH transmit power.
Eb/Io : Downlink Eb/Io required value for a bearer service.
(Ec/Io)cpich : Measurement value reported by the UE.
o : Downlink cell orthogonal factor.
Ptotal : Current cells carrier transmit power measured at the NodeB
and reported to the RNC.

) ) /( (
total
o
c
CPICH
o
b
P cpich
I
E
P
W
R
I
E
P = o
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Open Loop Power Control Parameters
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42
Outer Loop Power Control
Used to setting SIR
Target
for inner loop power control.

Uplink outer loop power control is controlled by SRNC (serving RNC) for setting a target SIR for each UE.
SIR
Target
is updated according to the estimated uplink quality (Block Error Ratio/ Bit Error Ratio).
If UE is not in DTX status (that means RNC can receive uplink traffic data), RNC uses BLER to compute
SIR
Target
. Otherwise , RNC will use BER to compute SIR
Target
.

Downlink outer loop power control controlled by UE receiver; to converge to required link quality (BLER)
set by the network (RNC) in downlink.
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Outer Loop Power Control Parameters
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44
Inner Loop Power Control

Divided into uplink and downlink inner-loop power control

Purpose to adjusts UE or NodeB transmit power, to keep the

received SIR to be around SIR target.




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45
Uplink Inner Loop Power Control

UTRAN behaviour

Serving cells (cells in the active set) estimate SIRest of the received uplink DPCH.

Serving cells then generate TPC commands and transmit TPC on every slot according to the
following rule:
if SIRest > SIRtarget , TPC = "0",
if SIRest < SIRtarget , TPC = "1".

UE behaviour

Upon reception of one or more TPC commands in a slot, UE shall derive a single TPC
command, TPC_cmd, for each slot, combining multiple TPC commands if more than one is
received in a slot. This is also valid when SSDT transmission is used in the downlink.

Two algorithms supported by UE when deriving a TPC_cmd.

Which algorithms to be used is determined by a UE-specific higher-layer parameter,

"PowerControlAlgorithm", and is under the control of the UTRAN.

If "PowerControlAlgorithm" indicates "algorithm1", then the layer 1 parameter PCA shall take the
value 1 and if "PowerControlAlgorithm" indicates "algorithm2" then PCA shall take the value 2.

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46
Uplink Inner Loop Power Control

The step size DTPC is a layer 1 parameter which is derived from the UE-specific higher-layer
parameter "TPC-StepSize" which is under the control of the UTRAN.

If "TPC-StepSize" has the value "dB1", then the layer 1 parameter DTPC shall take the value 1 dB
and if "TPC-StepSize" has the value "dB2", then DTPC shall take the value 2 dB.

The parameter "TPC-StepSize" only applies to Algorithm 1 . For Algorithm 2 DTPC shall always take
the value 1 dB.

After deriving of the combined TPC command TPC_cmd using one of the two supported algorithms,
UE shall adjust the transmit power of uplink DPCCH with a step of DDPCCH (in dB) which is given by:

DDPCCH = DTPC

TPC_cmd.
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47
Uplink Inner Loop Power Control

Algorithm 1

UE received 0ne TPC in not soft handover. The value of TPC_cmd is
derived as follows:

- If TPC = 0 ; then TPC_cmd = 1.
- If TPC = 1 ; then TPC_cmd = 1

Algorithm 2

UE not in soft handover, only one TPC received. In this case, UE shall process
received TPC on a 5-slot cycle.
TPC_cmd value shall be derived as follows:
The first 4 slots of a set, TPC_cmd = 0 . No change in power
The 5
th
slot of a set, TPC _cmd is derived as follows:
If all TPC are 0; TPC_cmd = -1 and the transmission will decrease 1dB;
If all TPC are 1; TPC_cmd = 1 and the transmission will increase 1dB;
Otherwise, TPC_cmd=0.
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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control

UE behaviour

UE generate TPC commands to control the network transmit power and send them in
the TPC field of the uplink DPCCH.
The UE shall check the downlink power control mode (DPC_MODE) before generating
the TPC command:

If DPC_MODE = 0 : UE sends a unique TPC command in each slot and the TPC
command generated is transmitted in the first available TPC field in the uplink
DPCCH;

If DPC_MODE = 1 : UE repeats the same TPC command over 3 slots and the
new TPC command is transmitted such that there is a new command at the
beginning of the frame.

The DPC_MODE parameter is a UE specific parameter controlled by the UTRAN.
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49
Downlink Inner Loop Power Control

UTRAN behaviour

Upon receiving the TPC commands, UTRAN adjust its downlink DPCCH/DPDCH
power accordingly.

For DPC_MODE = 0, UTRAN estimate the transmitted TPC command TPCest to be 0
or 1, and shall update the power every slot.

If DPC_MODE = 1, UTRAN estimate the transmitted TPC command TPCest over three
slots to be 0 or 1, and shall update the power every three slots.
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Inner Loop Power Control Parameters
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51
Parameters Optimization Contents

Mobile Management Parameters Optimization

Power Control Parameters Optimization

Power Configuration Parameters Optimization

Load Control Parameters Optimization

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52
Physical Channels Type
Internal Use
53
Common Channels Parameters
All channels power is reference to PCPICH Power expect PCPICH itself .
Internal Use
54
Dedicated Channels Parameters
Dedicated Channel Power is also reference to PCPICH Power.
Internal Use
55
Parameters Optimization Contents

Mobile Management Parameters Optimization

Power Control Parameters Optimization

Power Configuration Parameters Optimization

Load Control Parameters Optimization

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56
Load Control Parameters Optimization

Call Admission Control (CAC)

To control cells load by admission/rejection request to ensure a cells load
under control.

Dynamic Channel Configuration Control (DCCC)

To dynamically change a connections load to improve cell resource
utilization and control cells load.
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57
Call Admission Control Procedure
call admisson request arrive
Get the service characteristic and
the current load
Uplink call admission
control evaluation
admitted?
Downlink call admission
control evaluation
admitted?
call admitted call rejected
end
n
y
y
n
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Call Admission Control Parameters
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59
Dynamic Channel Configuration Control

DCCC: Dynamic Channel Configuration Control aim to making full use of radio
resource (codes, power, CE )

- Configured bandwidth is fixed when no DCCC
- Configured bandwidth is changing when DCCC
- Traffic rate
R
a
t
e

o
r

b
a
n
d

Internal Use
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DCCC Procedure
Measurement report
DCCC decision
Traffic Volume measurement
control
UE and RNC Measurement
DCCC execution
Internal Use
61
Traffic Volume Measurement

Threshold
Transport
Channel
Traffic
Volume
Reporting
event 4A
Time
Reporting
event 4A

Threshold
Transport
Channel
Traffic
Volume
Reporting
event 4B
Time
Reporting
event 4B
Reporting
event 4B
Internal Use
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DCCC Decision
1) 4a event report -> increase bandwidth
4b event report -> decrease bandwidth

2) If current bandwidth<=DCCC threshold, dont decrease bandwidth

Internal Use
63
Dynamic Channel Configuration Control
Parameters
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Dynamic Channel Configuration Control
Parameters
Internal Use
65
Summary

Parameter Optimization improves network quality and solves

network problems.

Parameter Optimization is a complicated procedure and needs

parameter and algorithm knowledge.

Parameter Optimization will be combined with other optimization

activities making network better !
Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved