As and Like

As and like are often confused since they are both used to compare actions or situations. There are, however, important differences.

AS + CLAUSE
As means "in the manner" and is followed by a clause (subj + verb).
My brother thinks as I do (I think). (conj.) He is as smart as a fox. (idiom) He writes as a man in his forties writes. (conj.)

As
We use as to talk about job or function.

I worked as a shop assistant for 2 years when I was a student. He used his shoe as a hammer to hang the picture up.

In comparisons, the structure as adjective as is often used.

Example: Hes not as tall as his brother

She ran as fast as she could.

In the following comparisons as is a Conjunction

Its followed by a clause with a subject and a verb

He went to Cambridge University, as his father had before him. Shes a talented writer, as most of her family are.

Expressions with as
The following expressions all use as.
As you know, classes restart on January 15th. I tried using salt as you suggested but the stain still didnt come out. As we agreed the company will be split 50/50 between us. Their house is the same as ours.

AS Additional Meanings

VARIANT MEANING EXAMPLE (adv.) CONSIDERED TO BE (adv.) IN THE MANNER (adv.)

EXAMPLES Some flowers, as the rose, require a lot of care. We view the church and state as two separate entities. He paid for the room and dinner as agreed. (as we had agreed.)

AT THE TIME (conj)

WITH THE PURPOSE (conj.)

Please pay as you leave.

The speaker spoke so convincingly as to rally everyone to unite. As you are up, will you please get me a glass of water?

SINCE / BECAUSE (conj.)

AS Additional Meanings
VARIANT MEANING THOUGH (conj.) THAT (pronoun) TO THE EXTENT (idiom.) WHILE (idiom.) IN ITS CURRENT CONDITION (idiom.) ALSO (idiom.) IN RESPECT TO (idiom.) BEGINNING (idiom.) EXAMPLES Smart as he may be, he forgot to consider his own weaknesses. I have had the same problem as you have. As far as I know, we still aren't done yet. As long as he is here, we'll never have peace! I bought the car as is. (in a nonnegotiable, no-guarantee condition) They are resourceful, intelligent as well as compassionate. As for traveling to the war-zone, I wouldn't advise it. As of April 1st, we are no longer accepting credit cards

LIKE + NOUN
Like = "same form, appearance, kind,character" Is followed by a noun or noun phrase.
My brother is like me. (prep.) He's smart like a fox. (prep.) He's more like forty plus. (adv)

Like
In the following comparisons, like is a preposition and its followed by a noun or a pronoun.

Ive been working like a dog all afternoon. None of my brothers are much like me. She looks just like her mother.

LIKE Additional Meanings

VARIANT MEANING OF THE SAME FORM (adj.) EXAMPLES - I haven't seen a like model. - We collect trains, cars, buses and like models. - I haven't seen its like. - We collect model t trains, cars, buses and their like - It would be like him to forget my birthday.

OF THE SAME FORM (noun)

CHARACTERISTIC (prep.)

SIMILAR / COMPARABLE (prep.)

INCLINED (idiomprep.) PROMISE / INDICATIVE (idiom- prep.)

- He was a hippie-like guy with a tie-dye T-shirt.

- Do you feel like going to a movie? - It (the sky) looks like rain today.

SUIT YOUR PREFERENCE (idiom verb)

- You can come or you can go, as you like.

Like and As if/As though

Like, as if and as though can all be used to make comparisons. There is no difference in meaning among the 3 forms.

You look as if youve seen a ghost.

You talk as though were never going to see each other again. It looks like its going to rain.

COMMON MISTAKES
ERROR FIX He was like "I'm so out here." He said, "I'm leaving." or He said, (Perhaps not an error, but certainly "I've had enough!" restricted to informal use.)

He looks like he needs a place to rest. He look likes a tired old dog.

He looks as if he needs a place to rest. (as though) He looks like a tired old dog. (noun)

1- She sings ______ an angel.

2- I'm much better ______ you can see. 3- My sister is not at all ______ me. 4- My daughter is just ______ my sister. 5- I'm attending the meeting ______ an observer.

6- I use one of the bedrooms ______ an office.

7- You are very ______ your mother.

1- She sings like an angel.

2- I'm much better as you can see.

3- My sister is not at all like me.

4- My daughter is just like my sister. 5- I'm attending the meeting as an observer. 6- I use one of the bedrooms as an office. 7- You are very like your mother.

8- I hope to qualify ______ an engineer.

9- My friend Rob looks ______ John Travolta. 10- There is too much traffic in London ______ in New York 11- We're late for the train. We'll have to run ______ the wind. 12- I'm your friend and, ______ a friend, I advise you to think again.

8- I hope to qualify as an engineer.

9- My friend Rob looks like John Travolta. 10- There is too much traffic in London as/like in New York 11- We're late for the train. We'll have to run like the wind. 12- I'm your friend and, as a friend, I advise you to think again.

13- I don't know you as well as he does but, ______ your friend, I advise you to think again.
14- You don't like confrontations, ______ me.

15- We need a strong leader ______ Winston Churchill. 16-He has gone to our competitors ______ a marketing manager. .

13- I don't know you as well as he does but, like your friend, I advise you to think again.
14- You don't like confrontations, like me.

15- We need a strong leader like Winston Churchill. 16-He has gone to our competitors as a marketing manager.

17- I've appointed Simon Williams ______ the new trustee. 18- I've done the work ______ we agreed.

19- I was sure, ______ was everybody else, that you would do well in this job. 20- Although weve only just met, I feel ____ Ive Known you all my live.

17- I've appointed Simon Williams as the new trustee. 18- I've done the work as we agreed.

19- I was sure, as was everybody else, that you would do well in this job. 20- Although weve only just met, I feel like Ive Known you all my live.

PRACTICE Choose the correct answer ( means nothing is needed). Sometimes more than one answer is correct. 1. It seems (as if / like / ) everyone is carrying a cell phone nowadays. 2. Kids look forward to cell phone breaks (as much as / like / ) they used to look forward to recess. 3. The new smart phones are ( / like / as) small computers.

4. They have multiple functions, ( / like / such as) Internet, texting and GPS.
5. Some phones, ( / like / as) the iPhone, have thousands of applications available for them.

PRACTICE Choose the correct answer ( means nothing is needed). Sometimes more than one answer is correct. 1. It seems (as if / like / ) everyone is carrying a cell phone nowadays. 2. Kids look forward to cell phone breaks (as much as / like / ) they used to look forward to recess. 3. The new smart phones are ( / like / as) small computers.

4. They have multiple functions, ( / like / such as) Internet, texting and GPS.
5. Some phones, ( / like / as) the iPhone, have thousands of applications available for them.

6. If you feel ( / like / as) going to a movie, you can find the theater and time at which it plays. 7. ( / Like / As) you are driving to the movie; you can also check the traffic and select the best route. 8. There is nothing ( / like / as) a cell phone when you are late or lost. 9. You can use ( / like / as) many or as few of the phone features as you like. 10. Useful ( / like / as) they are, cell phones need some restrictions.

6. If you feel ( / like / as) going to a movie, you can find the theater and time at which it plays. 7. ( / Like / As) you are driving to the movie; you can also check the traffic and select the best route. 8. There is nothing ( / like / as) a cell phone when you are late or lost. 9. You can use ( / like / as) many or as few of the phone features as you like. 10. Useful ( / like / as) they are, cell phones need some restrictions.

11. Their ( / like-camera / camera-like) function can be used to cheat or invade others' privacy. 12. Their unexpected ringing in meetings makes the cell phone user look ( / like / as) an idiot. 13. Speaking too loudly on a cell phone is ( / like / as) letting it ring in a meeting. Both are bad. 14. The Blackberry, iPhone and ( / like / as) models have buttons to silence them. 15. ( / As of / As for / As is) January 1, 2009, it became illegal to use a cell phone while driving in California. Other states may soon change their laws as well.

11. Their ( / like-camera / camera-like) function can be used to cheat or invade others' privacy. 12. Their unexpected ringing in meetings makes the cell phone user look ( / like / as) an idiot. 13. Speaking too loudly on a cell phone is ( / like / as) letting it ring in a meeting. Both are bad. 14. The Blackberry, iPhone and ( / like / as) models have buttons to silence them. 15. ( / As of / As for / As is) January 1, 2009, it became illegal to use a cell phone while driving in California. Other states may soon change their laws as well.

LIKE / AS / HOW?

1. He drives _________ a madman. 2. My two sons love painting, _________ me !

3. _________ boring this man is !

4. There are terrible diseases, ______cancer for example. 5. They describe him _________ a man who is not always fun to be with !

LIKE / AS / HOW?

1. He drives LIKE a madman. 2. My two sons love painting, LIKE me !

3. HOW boring this man is !

4. There are terrible diseases, LIKE cancer for example. 5. They describe him AS a man who is not always fun to be with !

6. _________ the crime rate is rising, everybody is dreading the future. 7. It should be easy for you, _________ you are used to travelling abroad. 8. _________ a teacher, he is excellent !

9. You know perfectly well there is no city ________ Paris !

10. What's the weather _________ today ?

11. _________ a scientist, he is famous all over the world.

12. _________ written in today's paper, he will not run for a second term.

6. AS the crime rate is rising, everybody is dreading the future. 7. It should be easy for you, AS you are used to travelling abroad. 8. AS a teacher, he is excellent ! 9. You know perfectly well there is no city LIKE Paris !

10. What's the weather LIKE today ?

11. AS a scientist, he is famous all over the world. 12. AS written in today's paper, he will not run for a second term.

13. They burst out laughing, _________ everybody else. 14. _________ difficult it was ! 15. She kept her room exactly _________ her mother did. 16. _________ impatient he was to see you !

17. He even worked _________ a stuntman for a few months !

18. _________ I was parking, I noticed a strange boy looking at me.

19. She shook herself _________ a dog leaving the water.

20. The stately home is _________ a minotaur's maze of corridors and passages.

13. They burst out laughing, LIKE everybody else. 14. HOW difficult it was ! 15. She kept her room exactly AS her mother did. 16. HOW impatient he was to see you !

17. He even worked AS a stuntman for a few months !

18. AS I was parking, I noticed a strange boy looking at me.

19. She shook herself LIKE a dog leaving the water.

20. The stately home is LIKE a minotaur's maze of corridors and passages.

MAKE
We use the verb 'make' for constructing, building or creating make a dress make food make a cup of tea / coffee

Make
- 'Make' is often used when referring to preparing food of any kind.
make a meal - breakfast / lunch / dinner

- these activities usually create something that you can touch.

Expressions with MAKE

amends arrangements make believe=pretend a choice a comment a decision a difference Make do = manage/get by make an effort an inquiry
an excuse a fool of yourself

Expressions with MAKE

make an inquiry make a fortune friends a fuss a journey love a mess a mistake a move a noise a phone call a plan

Expressions with MAKE

a point a profit a promise a remark a sound a speech a suggestion time s.o./yourself at home a threat a fuss a complaint

Expressions with MAKE

a rule an exception a remark a date fun of an appointment good time s.t. of yourself good time a list a living the most of

Expressions with MAKE

use of trouble a point of a scene a visit an observation a deal Make a go for s.t.(try)

Expressions with MAKE make do: use whatever you can find, substitute
When our kids don't have toys, they make do with pots and pans.

make ends meet: pay the bills, have enough to pay the expenses
Although the Millers are poor, they make ends meet.

Expressions with MAKE make every effort: do everything possible, bend over backwards
Our employees make every effort to please our customers.

make friends: act in a friendly way, become a friend of

Sally makes friends easily. People seem to like her.

make fun of: tease, laugh at, poke fun at

He is angry because you made fun of him. You teased him.

Expressions with MAKE make good: do as promised, follow through

When I get paid, I'll make good my promise to buy you dinner.

make good time: travel quickly, not be delayed

Driving to Saskatoon, we made good time. It took only five hours.

Expressions with MAKE make hay while the sun shines:work while the weather is good, work while we have time and helpers
There's a demand for our product, and we have a large stock. Let's make hay while the sun shines!

make headway: progress, get ahead

With Freda's help, we made headway. We learned to write.

Expressions with MAKE

MAKE THE MOST OF aproveitar ao mximo MAKE USE OF utilizar MAKE YOURSELF AT HOME- sinta-se vontade MAKE A POINT OF (doing something) - no deixar de, fazer questo de MAKE A GO FOR S.T.- Try to do s.t. You get caught in a downpour. Lets make a go for the bus shelter. OR you can make a go for a job etc. MAKE SOMETHING OF YOURSELF- tornar-se algum

Expressions with MAKE

MAKE A SCENE fazer um scandalo, agir histericamente MAKE TROUBLE- criar problemas ou confuso MAKE UP- inventar, improvisar, compensar, maquiar, reconciliar MAKE UP YOUR MIND- tomar uma deciso MAKE AN ANNOUNCEMENT- fazer uma comunicao official MAKE AN ATTEMPT (to) - fazer uma tentativa MAKE IT BACK- retornar ao ponto de partida MAKE IT CLEAR (to) - deixar claro

Expressions with MAKE

MAKE A DOWN PAYMENT- dar de entrada, dar um sinal MAKE A FACE (at) - fazer careta MAKE FUN OF ridicularizar MAKE A LIST (of ) - fazer uma lista MAKE A LIVING- ganhar a vida MAKE A FUSS - criar confuso devido preocupao excessive MAKE AMENDS to compensate for loss, injury

Expressions with MAKE

made of sth The bottles are made of opaque glass so that the contents cannot be seen. made from sth All our coffee is made from beans sourced locally. to earn or receive money: make $30,000/500/75m, etc. The state of Alaska makes around $50 million a year on tobacco taxes. She makes around 100,000 a year as a dentist. make sth on sth They made $500,000 in total on the deal. make a living In this area it's hard to make a living as a gardener.

Expressions with MAKE

to do a particular thing: make a decision/mistake/improvement No major decisions are made without the CEO's approval. make a deal/purchase/offer The deal includes a $25 million break-up fee, which could encourage other bidders to make a competing offer. to say something officially or formally: make a recommendation/statement/judgment The audit makes a series of recommendations. make an announcement/a comment/a speech Both parties plan to make an announcement before Christmas. to choose someone as something, or employ someone as something: He was made Principal Analyst within a year of joining the company.

Expressions with MAKE

to cause someone or something to be in a particular state: In August this year, she was made redundant from her job at the bank after 15 years' service. make sth available/accessible/user-friendly One of the project's key goals is to make the website available in different languages. make a market (in sth) - to be ready, willing, and able to buy or sell particular bonds, shares, etc. as a dealer: Western investment banks are being allowed to make a market in Chinese domestic shares. make a payment/loan/investment, etc. - to pay, lend, invest, etc. money: Shareholders may authorize a third party, such as a bank or employer, to make investments directly to their Fund accounts. make a profit/loss- to earn or lose more money than you spend: The business made a pre-tax profit of 14.9m last year.

Expressions with MAKE

make good a deficit, shortfall, etc. - to reduce the bad effect of there not being enough of something, for example money: Many employers have been called upon to make good the deficits in their pension plans. Exports of North Sea oil and gas dried up and failed to make good the shortfall in the manufacturing sector. make sth good- to pay for or repair something that has been damaged: The company is not under any liability to make good any damage to the site. make good on sth- to do something that you have promised to do, for example paying back money that you owe or paying for the cost of damage you have caused: The company did not acknowledge its future obligation to make good on the losses sustained by its offshore partnerships. make or break - to cause someone or something either to be very successful, or to cause them to fail: The first year of trading can make or break a company.

DO
We use the verb 'do' when someone performs an action, activity or task. do a crossword puzzle do the ironing, do the laundry, do the washing, do the washing up

'Do' is often used when referring to work of any kind. do your work, do homework, do housework, do a job !Note - these activities do not usually produce a physical object.

'Do' for General Ideas

Use the verb 'do' when speaking about things in general. In other words, to describe an action without saying exactly what the action is. This form is often used with the words 'something, nothing, anything, everything, etc.'

I'm not doing anything today. He does everything for his mother. She's doing nothing.

Important Expressions with DO badly good time your best/worst business harm the right thing your hair Damage

Important Expressions with DO whats right your nails a favor the maximum well/badly the dishes the minimum

TRANSLATIONS/DEFINITIONS

TO BE DONE- estar pronto/ The report is done. OR to be finished./Im done, lets go. TO HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH- no ter nada a ver com ... DO YOUR DUTY- cumprir com suas tarefas DO A DEAL (predominantly in the expression "it's a done deal") - negcio fechado

DO GOOD- A vacation will do you good. Boy scouts do good, like helping old ladies to cross the street.

A DO-GOODER. Hes a do-gooder. (a wellintentioned but naive and often ineffectual social or political reformer)
DO HARM It will DO NO HARM. / no far mal/ no faz mal. I forgot your book. NO HARM DONE. DO TIME go to prison

PRACTICE 1
1. If you want to buy that car, I'm sure we can _____ a deal. 2. Let's go out tonight and _____ the town! 3. I _____ an appointment to visit my doctor yesterday. 4. Excuse me, could you _____ me a favor and watch my bags for a moment? 5. Timmy! I told you to not _____ a mess in the living room! 6. I'm afraid I can't come. I'm going to _____ my homework after school. 7. How much money does your father _____? 8. Tom's _____ a phone call at the moment, he'll be back shortly. 9. He really doesn't want to _____ that decision. 10. I like _____ business with Jack.

PRACTICE 1
1. If you want to buy that car, I'm sure we can DO a deal. 2. Let's go out tonight and DO the town! 3. I MADE an appointment to visit my doctor yesterday. 4. Excuse me, could you DO me a favor and watch my bags for a moment? 5. Timmy! I told you to not MAKE a mess in the living room! 6. I'm afraid I can't come. I'm going to DO my homework after school. 7. How much money does your father MAKE? 8. Tom's MAKING a phone call at the moment, he'll be back shortly. 9. He really doesn't want to MAKE that decision. 10. I like DOING business with Jack.

PRACTICE 1
11. I usually _____ the cleaning on Saturday morning. 12. Do you ____ your bed every morning? 13. Sue cooks but I _____ the dishes. 14. I usually _____ about 50 sit-ups in the morning. 15. Let's _____ a date for the 15th. 16. I'd be happy if you would _____ the honors. 17. John _____ everything by hand - he is amazing! 18. How much profit did your company _____ last quarter? 19. You don't need to _____ a face if you don't like my cooking! 20. Please, _____ yourselves at home. I'll only be a minute.

PRACTICE 1
11. I usually DO the cleaning on Saturday morning. 12. Do you MAKE your bed every morning? 13. Sue cooks but I DO the dishes. 14. I usually DO about 50 sit-ups in the morning. 15. Let's MAKE a date for the 15th. 16. I'd be happy if you would DO the honors. 17. John MAKES everything by hand - he is amazing! 18. How much profit did your company MAKE last quarter? 19. You don't need to MAKE a face if you don't like my cooking! 20. Please, MAKE yourselves at home. I'll only be a minute.

PRACTICE 1
21. I don't think you _____ any harm. 22. I was _____ 100 mph when the policeman stopped me. 23. OK, I'll _____ an exception this time. But only this time! 24. I think his help _____ a lot of good for the children. 25. _____ peace not war. 26. Have you _____ any progress on that report yet? 27. The soldier _____ his duty to his country. 28. I don't want you to _____ an excuse. I want you to explain your actions. 29. He _____ all the arrangements for his trip to Europe last weekend. 30. I tried to _____ amends for the misunderstanding by sending her flowers.

PRACTICE 1
21. I don't think you DID any harm. 22. I was DOING 100 mph when the policeman stopped me. 23. OK, I'll MAKE an exception this time. But only this time! 24. I think his help DID a lot of good for the children. 25. MAKE peace not war. 26. Have you MADE any progress on that report yet? 27. The soldier DOES his duty to his country. 28. I don't want you to MAKE an excuse. I want you to explain your actions. 29. He MADE all the arrangements for his trip to Europe last weekend. 30. I tried to MAKE amends for the misunderstanding by sending her flowers.

PRACTICE 2
1. Why can't shoe manufacturers __________ comfortable shoes for women? 2. I wish shoe they would__________us a favor and redesign shoes. 3. Can you imagine trying to __________dinner in high heels. 4. A person wants comfortable shoes while __________the dishes. 5. When shopping for shoes, its often hard to __________up ones mind. 6. It doesnt __________sense to buy shoes that will hurt. 7. Buy the shoes that will not __________harm to your feet. 8. Don't __________the same mistake twice. 9. I __________myself a promise. 10. I can __________without shoes that are fashionable and uncomfortable.

PRACTICE 2
1. Why can't shoe manufacturers MAKE comfortable shoes for women? 2. I wish shoe they would DO us a favor and redesign shoes. 3. Can you imagine trying to MAKE dinner in high heels. 4. A person wants comfortable shoes while DOING the dishes.

5. When shopping for shoes, its often hard to MAKE up ones mind. 6. It doesnt MAKE sense to buy shoes that will hurt. 7. Buy the shoes that will not DO harm to your feet. 8. Don't MAKE the same mistake twice. 9. I MADE myself a promise. 10. I can DO without shoes that are fashionable and uncomfortable.