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SOCIO-EMOTIONAL

PROCESSES OF DEVELOPMENT

Attachment Temperament Parenting Moral Development Gender Roles

CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

Erik Erikson
- Psychoanalyst working under Freud - Did not accept Freuds argument that psychosexual stage is the key to understanding development

CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

1.Trust vs. Mistrust

(1/2 year)

2.Autonomy vs. Shame (1.5 - 3 years) 3.Initiative vs. Guilt


(3 - 5 years)

4.Industry vs. Inferiority (6 puberty)

ATTACHMENT

Emotional bond between infant and caregiver 1.CONTACT COMFORT ( Maslows Monkeys ) 2. IMPRINTING 3. SECURE ATTACHMENT (visual cliff expt
and ainsworths experiment)

TEMPERAMENT

DIMENSIONS

1.Emotionality 2.Sociability 3.Activity Level


Infant Temperament

TEMPERAMENT
1. EASY CHILD
Usually in positive mood Establish regular routines Adapts easily to environment

2. DIFFICULT CHILD
Tend to react negatively; Cry frequently Irregular daily routines Slow to accept environment

3. SLOW-TO-WARM-UP CHILD
Somewhat negative, low intensity of mood Low acivity level Low adaptability

PARENTING

1.Authoritarian
2.Authoritative 3.Neglectful

4.Indulgent

AUTHORITARIAN
Value hardwork Restrict and punish Orders not questioned Little verbal exchange

Insecurity; Compare themselves with others Lack of initiative Poor communication skills

AUTHORITATIVE Independence within limits Warmth and nurturance Verbal give and take Social competence Self-reliance Social responsibility

NEGLECTFUL Little involvement with child Unaware of child

Strong needs for parents to care for them Independent Less competent Poor self-control

INDULGENT Few limits Provides what their children want

Disrespect for others; Expect to get their own way Poor social competence Poor self-control

POSITIVE PARENTING STRATEGIES


1. Be warm and supportive 2. Use Reasoning in discipline 3. Provide opportunities to learn about others perspectives and feelings 4. Involve in family decision-making and think about moral decisions 5. Model moral behaviors and thinking themselves and get them involved

MORAL DEVELOPMENT

LAWRENCE KOHLBERGS THEORY


*Based not on the decision itself but on the persons reason for his/her decision

Classic Heinzs story

MORAL DEVELOPMENT
1. Preconventional
Stage 1: Obedience/Punishment Stage 2: Exchange/Reward

2. Conventional
Stage 3: Pleasing others/ Being nice Stage 4: Following rules/ Doing duty

3. Postconventional
Stage 5: Public Good/ Differing values and opinion of others Stage 6: Universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning/ Internalized principles of justice

MORAL DEVELOPMENT
ADVANCED MORAL DEVELOPMENT DUE TO: 1. Maturation of thought 2. Opportunities for role taking 3. Opportunities to discuss moral issues with a person in a higher stage
* parents contribute little because of the power oriented parent-child relationship

GENDER DEVELOPMENT

Biology Environment

Evolution Gender Roles and gender schema Parents and Peers

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