Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Types of Interactions
Flush Deckhouse No bulkheads at ends Bulkheads at ends
Types of Interaction
(House not flush/no intermediate bulkheads)
Stress Risers!
Deck beams are flexible; deckhouse acts independent of hull Hogging and sagging puts large stresses on connection points
Best to terminate deckhouse with WT bulkhead (and/or longitudinal bulkhead or significant deck girders)
Modes of Interaction
(House not flush, intermediate bulkheads)
Full bulkhead maintains shape
Design of Deckhouses
ABS Rules require that deckhouses with lengths greater than 10% of ships length located at midships have longitudinal members large enough to give a hull-girder section modulus in the deckhouse equal to that of the hull girder. Usually design hull girder alone to withstand bending moments without the deckhouse Method is sound but conservative
Non-linear stress distributions in deckhouse Bleich Shear and shear lag effects at deckhouse/hull Schade Full scale tests on SS President Wilson Vasta FEA (only area currently active)
Expansion Joints
Joints are cut in the superstructure above the main deck (strength deck). Bolted joints with slots sometimes used, or simply slit with waterproof cover. Relieves deckhouse longitudinal bending stress so that it acts independent of hull. Allows deckhouse to be designed for vertical loads and racking stresses. Saves significant weight topside
Expansion Joints
HOUSE DECK
Cover strip outside HOUSE DECK HOUSE SIDE STRENGTH DECK SHELL PLATING Flat bar face around circular cut at bottom of expansion joint
Must be spaced close enough to relieve deckhouse bending stresses They introduce severe concentrations of stress at the bottom of the joints Can lead to creaking and leaking in seaway if joining details not properly designed.
Aluminum in Deckhouses
Advantages
As strong as steel but Elastic Modulus 1/3 that of steel stresses are 1/3 of that in steel may eliminate need for expansion joints Almost 2/3 reduction in weight over mild steel lowers weight of structure and KG improves stability
Disadvantages
Coefficient of thermal expansion almost double that of steel may cause distortions with temperature variations in service Aluminum loses strength at elevated temperatures detrimental to damage control Can lead to galvanic corrosion with steel Difficult to join to steel structures (explosive or biweldable joints) More expensive than mild steel Potential brittleness of high strength aluminum
U.S. Warships
Prior to DDG-51 most warships used aluminum in their superstructures for its various advantages 1975: USS Belknap collided with USS John F. Kennedy and a major fire broke out on Belknap that melted most of its superstructure 1991: USS Princeton detonated an Italian-made MRP acoustic mine under the ships quarterdeck. The blast detonated another mine three-hundred yards off the starboard beam.
A six-inch crack opened in the Princetons aluminum superstructure running up one side and down the other. More than 10% of the superstructure separated from the main deck.
Inspection Guidelines