LINEAR PREDICTION ANALYSIS

Presented by
Yadav Binitha U.Vagdevi V.V.Sowjanya P.Soundharya P.Kumari (09NM1A0495) (09NM1A0487) (09NM1A0491) (09NM1A0468) (10NM5A0401)

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

Mrs. R. Saranya (Asst.Professor) Dept. of E.C.E.

VIGNANS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING FOR WOMEN

ABSTRACT
The aim of linear prediction is to use a linear model to model the mechanism that generates correlation among signal samples. In this project, we will use linear prediction to analyze different sound files and to compare the predictability of sounds from animals and different languages. Levinson-Durbin algorithm is used to implement the Linear Prediction.

INTRODUCTION
Speech signal is produced by the convolution of excitation source and time varying vocal tract system components. Linear prediction analysis (LPA) is a signal processing technique that is used extensively in the analysis of speech signals. LPA is a time series analysis. LPA uses past and present samples in order to predict future samples.

STEPS INVOLVED IN PROJECT

SAMPLING Input signal is sampled at the rate of 8000 samples per second Set of samples are segmented into different frames Interested range of interval is windowed. Each frame is auto correlated in order to obtain a symmetric toeplitz matrix. Required coefficients are determined.

FRAMING

WINDOWING

AUTOCORRELATION LEVINSON-DURBIN ALGORITHM RECONSTRUCTION

Retrieving back the original signal

AUTO REGRESSIVE LINEAR PREDICTION MODEL

- - - - - - (3)

Above equation represents autoregressive model.

Here is estimated output, y(n) is actual output. Since the actual output differs from estimated output an error or a residue occurs.

ERROR SIGNAL
The error or residue between the output signal and its estimate at sample n can then be expressed as the difference between the two signals. - - - - - - (4) Total squared error for an unspecified range of signal samples is

- - - - - - (5)

MINIMIZING ERROR
The optimal minimizing values of the error signal can be determined by differential calculus.

- - - - (6)
By solving equation (6) we get the following result. - - - - (7)

CORRELATION FUNCTION
- - - - (7) From the result obtained in above equation the correlation function can be defined as follows:

By substituting correlation function in eq (7) we get

- - - - (8)

AUTOCORRELATION MODEL
Windowing the interval of interest multiplying with appropriate function. by

Obtaining the autocorrelation of the signal evaluated. The correlation matrix obtained by normal equation exhibits a double symmetry (i.e. Toeplitz matrix) that can be exploited by a computer algorithm.

LEVINSON DURBIN ALGORITHM

The Levinson-Durbin algorithm uses autocorrelation function to estimate the linear prediction coefficients. Algorithm precede recursively beginning with the prediction order 1 and then increase the order recursively using the lower order solutions to the next higher order.

Solved prediction coefficients of Pth order can be expressed using coefficients of (P-1)th order predictor which gives minimum mean square prediction error in each step.

ALGORITHM STEPS

E[x(n)2 ] is mean square error, f is gradient vector ,

Km is reflection coefficient, ak is filter coefficient .

SIMULATIONS

BIRD SIGNAL

DOG SIGNAL

GIRL SIGNAL

MALE SIGNAL

COMPARISION OF PARCO AMPLITUDES

COMPARISION OF MEANSQUARE ERROR

RESULT
The linear prediction analysis is implemented to the given sound files and their predictability is compared by evaluating the graphs obtained and is tabulated below:
SIGNAL MALE DOG GIRL PREDICTION ORDER 10 12 14

BIRD

16

CONCLUSION
From the results we know that the predictability order from easiest to the most difficult is: MALE>DOG>FEMALE>BIRD. The Levinson-Durbin algorithm is found useful and its application is observed practically for linear prediction. The input sound signal is retrieved back using synthesis filter.