By Group : 12

Name Dimple Virani Ami Vora Ruchi Vyas Roll No 57 58 59

Sneha Zawar Monica Chugh

60 61

In Depth Interviews

Focus Group Discussion

Observation Techniques

Projective Techniques

Secondary Data From Web Forums

There are methodologic al issues in the context of qualitative research.

Lack of Replicability.

Painstaking efforts are required to coordinate research teams.

 Any technique for making inferences by systematically and objectively identifying special characteristics of messages. Content analysis is a research method used to determine the presence of certain words or concepts within texts or other media content.

Narrating

Krippendorf (2004) identifies five key processes inherent to content analysis:

Sampling

Inferring Unitizing

Reducing

 To describe trends in content over time. To describe the relative focus of attention for a set of topics. To compare international differences in content. To compare group differences in content. To compare individual differences in communication style. To trace conceptual development in intellectual history. To compare actual content with intended content. To expose use of biased terms in propaganda research. To test hypotheses about cultural and symbolic use of terms. To code open-ended survey items.

 Identify the intentions of a group. Describe the attitude of people in response to communication. Determine the emotional state of a person. Discover propaganda in communication. Reveal differences in communication among nations. Depict the psychology of people. Describe the communication behavior of an individual.

Getting Untainted Information

Dealing with Documentation

The Human Factor and Errors

The Problems with the Data

Step 1. Source of data/Selecting data types Step 2. Describing the data

Step 3. Changing and viewing data

Step 4. Grouping

Step 5. Storing information and including attributes

Step 6. Linking documents and nodes Step 7. Coding and autocoding Step 8. Revising and refining Step 9. What to ask ?

Step 10. Where to ask it ? Step 11. What to do with the answer

Step 12. Drawing and linking models

Step 13. Managing Models Step 14. Layering and grouping items

Powerful data reduction technique.

It is a systematic, replicable technique for compressing many words of text into fewer content categories. Useful in dealing with large volumes of data.

The technique of content analysis extends far beyond simple word frequency counts.

Fatal flaws

Faulty definitions of categories.

Non-mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories.

 Computer assisted qualitative data analysis software Examples: Nvivo, Atlas.ti, The general inquirer, Intext&Text

quest, xSight, Nud*ist

 http://www.uncp.edu/home/acurtis/Courses/Resources ForCourses/HowToResearch/ContentAnalysis.html

http://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/PA765/content.ht ml