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different levels are included in the experiment. LEVELS: The possible values of a factor in an experimental design. NOISE FACTORS: Those factors that arent controlled in an experiment. REPLICATION: The repetition of the set of all the treatment combinations to be compared in an experiment. Each of the repetitions is called a replicate. RESPONSE VARIABLE: The variable that shows the observed results of an experimental treatment. TREATMENT: A combination of the levels of each of the factors assigned to an experimental unit. EXPERIMENTAL ERROR: The variation in the response variable when levels and factors are held constant.
FULL FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT The formula for number of runs is n = LF Where n = Number of runs, L = Number of levels, F = Number of factors 2 levels of factors = 23 = 8 treatments Factor 1 Feed level 1 .01in/rev level 2 .04in/rev 1300 rev/min 1800 rev/mien
Factor 2
A 23 full factorial data collection sheet with data entered. Run # Feed Speed C Temp 1 2 3 4 5 Average Surface Finish Reading 10
.01
1300
100
10.1
10.0
10.2 9.8
9.9
2
3 4 5 6 7 8
.01
.01 .01 .04 .04 .04 .04
1300
1800 1800 1300 1300 1800 1800
140
100 140 100 140 100 140
3.0
6.5 1.0 5.0 4.0 5.8 3.1
4.0
7.0 3.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 2.9
3.0
5.3 3.0 9.0 5.0 6.1 3.0
5.0
5.0 1.0 8.0 6.0 6.2 2.9
5.0
6.2 2.0 6.0 8.0 5.9 3.1
4
6 2 7 6 6 3
Main Effects: The first step in calculating the main effects is to average the results for each level of each factor. F.01 = (10 + 4 + 6 +2) /4 = 5.5 S1300 = (10 + 4 + 7 +6 )/4 = 6.75 C100 = (10 + 6 + 7 +6)/4 = 7.25 F.04 = (7 + 6 + 6 +3)/4 = 5.5
Better surface finish has lowest score. Suggest using a speed of 1800 rev/min and coolant temp 140 F. Feed does not have any impact on surface finish. Main Effect for factor F = F.04 - F.01 = 5.5 5.5 =0
Main Effect for factor speed = S1800 - S1300 = 4.25 6.75 = -2.5 Main Effect for coolant Temp = C140 - C100 = 3.75 7.25 = -3.5
INTERACTION EFFECTS: A 23 full factorial design showing interaction columns. Run 1 2 3 4 F S + + C + + FS + + FC + + S C F S C + + + + Response 10 4 6 2
5
6 7 8
+
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+
+
+
+
7
6 6 3
To calculate interaction between factors F and S as follows:(F S)+ = (10 + 4 + 6 +3)/4 = 5.75 (F S)= (6 + 2 + 7 +6)/4 = 5.25 = .5
= 1.50, (S C ) = 0, (F S C) = -1
Uncoded Levels
A: Concentration 20 30 20 30 B: Catalyst 1 1 2 2 A -1 1 -1 1 208 158
Coded Levels
B -1 -1 1 1 168 198 28 33 -5.00 AB 1 -1 -1 1 188 178 31.33 29.67 1.67 Yield
1
Yield 2 28 35 22 33
31 39 21 34
Sum at High level Sum at Low Level Average at High level Average at Low level Main Effect and Interaction
20
30 20 30
1
1 2 2
-1
1 -1 1 208 158
-1
-1 1 1 168 198
1
-1 -1 1 188 178
31
39 21 34
28
35 22 33
30
35 26 32 Total =
89
109 69 99 366 11163
323.0