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DOE TERMINOLOGY SOME BASIC TERMS FACTOR: An assignable cause that may affect the responses and of which

different levels are included in the experiment. LEVELS: The possible values of a factor in an experimental design. NOISE FACTORS: Those factors that arent controlled in an experiment. REPLICATION: The repetition of the set of all the treatment combinations to be compared in an experiment. Each of the repetitions is called a replicate. RESPONSE VARIABLE: The variable that shows the observed results of an experimental treatment. TREATMENT: A combination of the levels of each of the factors assigned to an experimental unit. EXPERIMENTAL ERROR: The variation in the response variable when levels and factors are held constant.

FULL FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT The formula for number of runs is n = LF Where n = Number of runs, L = Number of levels, F = Number of factors 2 levels of factors = 23 = 8 treatments Factor 1 Feed level 1 .01in/rev level 2 .04in/rev 1300 rev/min 1800 rev/mien

Factor 2

Speed level 1 level 2

Factor 3 Coolant level 1 100F Temperature level 2 140F

A 23 full factorial data collection sheet with data entered. Run # Feed Speed C Temp 1 2 3 4 5 Average Surface Finish Reading 10

.01

1300

100

10.1

10.0

10.2 9.8

9.9

2
3 4 5 6 7 8

.01
.01 .01 .04 .04 .04 .04

1300
1800 1800 1300 1300 1800 1800

140
100 140 100 140 100 140

3.0
6.5 1.0 5.0 4.0 5.8 3.1

4.0
7.0 3.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 2.9

3.0
5.3 3.0 9.0 5.0 6.1 3.0

5.0
5.0 1.0 8.0 6.0 6.2 2.9

5.0
6.2 2.0 6.0 8.0 5.9 3.1

4
6 2 7 6 6 3

Eight treatment combinations and each repeated 5 times.

Main Effects: The first step in calculating the main effects is to average the results for each level of each factor. F.01 = (10 + 4 + 6 +2) /4 = 5.5 S1300 = (10 + 4 + 7 +6 )/4 = 6.75 C100 = (10 + 6 + 7 +6)/4 = 7.25 F.04 = (7 + 6 + 6 +3)/4 = 5.5

S1800 = (6 + 2 + 6 +3)/4 = 4.25


C140 = (4 + 2 + 6 + 3)/4 = 3.75

Better surface finish has lowest score. Suggest using a speed of 1800 rev/min and coolant temp 140 F. Feed does not have any impact on surface finish. Main Effect for factor F = F.04 - F.01 = 5.5 5.5 =0

Main Effect for factor speed = S1800 - S1300 = 4.25 6.75 = -2.5 Main Effect for coolant Temp = C140 - C100 = 3.75 7.25 = -3.5

INTERACTION EFFECTS: A 23 full factorial design showing interaction columns. Run 1 2 3 4 F S + + C + + FS + + FC + + S C F S C + + + + Response 10 4 6 2

5
6 7 8

+
+ + +

+ +

+ +

+ +

+ +

+
+

+
+

7
6 6 3

To calculate interaction between factors F and S as follows:(F S)+ = (10 + 4 + 6 +3)/4 = 5.75 (F S)= (6 + 2 + 7 +6)/4 = 5.25 = .5

Interaction Effect = ( 5.75 5.25 ) Similar calculations show that (F C)

= 1.50, (S C ) = 0, (F S C) = -1

Uncoded Levels
A: Concentration 20 30 20 30 B: Catalyst 1 1 2 2 A -1 1 -1 1 208 158

Coded Levels
B -1 -1 1 1 168 198 28 33 -5.00 AB 1 -1 -1 1 188 178 31.33 29.67 1.67 Yield
1

Yield 2 28 35 22 33

Yield Sum 3 30 35 26 32 Total = 89 109 69 99 366

Average 29.67 36.33 23 33

31 39 21 34

Sum at High level Sum at Low Level Average at High level Average at Low level Main Effect and Interaction

34.67 26.33 8.33

Analysis of Chemical Process Experiment

Uncoded Levels A: Concentration B: Catalyst A

Coded Levels B AB Yield 1 Yield 2 Yield Sum 3

20
30 20 30

1
1 2 2

-1
1 -1 1 208 158

-1
-1 1 1 168 198

1
-1 -1 1 188 178

31
39 21 34

28
35 22 33

30
35 26 32 Total =

89
109 69 99 366 11163

Sum at High level Sum at Low Level

Correction for Mean

Total SS after correction for mean


SS at High level SS at Low level Correction for Mean SS After Correction for Mean 7210.67 4160.67 208.33 SSA 4704.00 6534.00 75.00 SSB 5890.67 5280.67 8.33 SSAB

323.0

11163.00 11163.00 11163.00

ANOVA CALCULATIONS FOR CHEMICAL PROCESS YIELD EXPERIMENT

ANOVA SUMMARY TABLE:


SOURCE A: Concentration B: Catalyst AB Error Total SS 208.33 75.00 8.33 31.3333 323.0 DF 1 1 1 8 11 MS 208.33 75.00 8.33 3.92 F calc 53.19 19.15 213 F table 5.318 5.318 5.318 P - Value 0.00 0.00 0.18

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