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Trainers background info 15Years in Welding Inspection by Visual and NDT Heavy Equipment Fabrication Construction equipment Trainer in Manufacturing Quality, QMS, Six sigma Green Belt, TPM Facilitator, Quality Circle Team Leader, Welding Quality, NDT Ultrasonic testing and Quality concept.
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Welding is joining two pieces of materials. Solid+solid Welding = Solid state bonding Liquid+Liquid welding=Fusion Welding Solid+Liquid Welding=Braze Welding Oxy-Aceteline=Gas Welding Thermit = Atomic hydrogen=
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-Flux cored Arc Welding -Carbon arc Welding -Shielded metal arc Welding -Gas metal arc Welding -Gas Tungsten arc Welding -Stud Welding -Plasma Arc Welding
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SMAW CURRENT RANGE THICKNESS RANGE DEPOSITION RATE JOINTS TYPES 75 - 300 A 2MM ^ 1 - 6 Kg\ hr ALL
POSITION OF WELDING ALL ELECTRODE DIA. FLUX COAT MATERIAL APPLICATION ADVANTAGE LIMITATION SAFETY EQUIPMENT 1.5 - 8 MM 1 - 5 MM ferrous alloy only structural,ship,repair,hardface low cost m/c. skill operator,slow flux chipping emits visible,UV ,hi open circt volt AC or DC
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SAW CURRENT RANGE THICKNESS RANGE DEPOSITION RATE JOINTS TYPES 350 - 2000 A 5 MM ^ 7 - 30 Kg / hr butt & T- Joint
POSITION OF WELDING B/J,F,T,h,v ELECTRODE DIA. FLUX COAT MATERIAL APPLICATION ADVANTAGE LIMITATION SAFETY EQUIPMENT 2 - 6 MM COIL Copper coat CS, corrosion resist steel& some alloys pr.vessel,cem plant,structural engg,ship high dep.rate, surface finish, Xray weld,flux shieldarc Regular weld line, fitup,low impact strength,less position minor problem with flux dust DC, upto 2000A
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MIG CURRENT RANGE THICKNESS RANGE DEPOSITION RATE JOINTS TYPES 60 - 500 A 0.5 MM ^ 1 - 10 Kg/hr ALL+SPOT
POSITION OF WELDING Dip ,pulsed arc ELECTRODE DIA. FLUX COAT MATERIAL APPLICATION ADVANTAGE LIMITATION SAFETY EQUIPMENT 0.6 -1.6MMspool Copper coat steel,al alloys and other metal that can be wire form light&heavy vehicle,high rate production continuous process,less finall dressing no independent filler addition control, action limited to wire feed
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MIG CURRENT RANGE THICKNESS RANGE DEPOSITION RATE JOINTS TYPES 60 - 500 A 0.5 MM ^ 1 - 10 Kg/hr ALL+SPOT
POSITION OF WELDING Dip ,pulsed arc ELECTRODE DIA. FLUX COAT MATERIAL APPLICATION ADVANTAGE LIMITATION SAFETY EQUIPMENT 0.6 -1.6MMspool Copper coat steel,al alloys and other metal that can be wire form light&heavy vehicle,high rate production continuous process,less finall dressing no independent filler addition control, action limited to wire feed
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BRAZE CURRENT RANGE THICKNESS RANGE DEPOSITION RATE JOINTS TYPES 0.5 MM ^ Upto 2 Kg/hr lap,fillet,butt
POSITION OF WELDING flat,verticle ELECTRODE DIA. FLUX COAT MATERIAL APPLICATION ADVANTAGE LIMITATION SAFETY EQUIPMENT Steel,CI, Copper ventilation,cast iron repair Slow,corrosion,limited material poisenous flux 1.6 - 6 MM,
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Spot Welding. Seam Welding. Projection welding. Flash butt Welding. Electro slag Welding. Stud Welding.
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Friction Welding. Ultrasonic Welding, High freq sound waves. Explosive Welding.
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Laser Welding .
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Absorption or loss Moisture Cracking & descaling covering Contamination Oxidation of the cored wire Formation of deposits on the surface
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Porosity in weld metal. Excessive Projection. Spattering arc instability. Visual worsening of seam surface. Scouring / Blistering in cellulose coating. Difficulty in removing slag. Cracking caused by hydrogen.
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Contamination.
Oxidation of the cored wire.
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Crack. Bead shift. Burn through. Porosity. Pin holes. Waviness. Under cut. Weld appearance.
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Reference lines and weld symbol details remain the same regardless of which end the arrow is on.
Reference lines and weld symbol details remain the same regardless of which end the arrow is on.
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Appropriate weld symbols above and below reference lines. Dashed line not required where the weld joint is exactly symmetric.
More than one weld type. Size specified individually for each.
Required minimum throat dimension (mm) No direct measurement requires destructive test and evaluation
ISO vs AWS (App 2) Size convention is the same Number and length of segments Spacing between segments vs AWS ctr to ctr method
Same weld symbol and dimensions both sides Dashed line not required Anchor welds at each end
Usually specified to avoid weld distortion or interference Offset dimension specified in detail vs default Anchor welds standard shop practice
If necessary, start location must clearly be identified Weld size Number and length of segments Spacing between segments (chord dimension)
Simplified details Exactly the same joint conditions and welds all the way around
Testing methods
Visual inspection
Destructive Mechanical, Chemical, Testing
Ultrasonic Testing
WELDING SOUNDNESS
No Adjustment
GOAL
Check
TIME
RESULT EVALUATION
Set alingment
ACTION PLAN
Action Name Date
REPAIR, IDENTIFY
100%
PARETO ANALYSIS
Setting
Alingment
WIRE POSITION
DIFT
TIME
MACHIN E 34%
WELDER 16%
Check incoming component Clean and remove rust,oil Ensure proper welding.
Rollequality
CHECK POINTS
RUST
Torch setting
Machine truness
Weld width
Weld appearance Weld cap angle (Abtuse angle) Uniform weld bead Uniform reinforcement
Leading Consultants for 6 and Cycle time Reduction Clients:Citicorp, PwC, ICI, 3M, Telstra
TO ACHIVE
Meet spec
Penetration
SMAW CURRENT RANGE 75 - 300 A THICKNESS RANGE 2MM ^ DEPOSITION RATE 1 - 6 Kg\ hr JOINTS TYPES ALL POSITION OF WELDING ALL ACCESS GOOD PORTABILITY GOOD ELECTRODE DIA. 1.5 - 8 MM FLUX COAT 1 - 5 MM MATERIAL APPLICATION ADVANTAGE
SAW 350 - 2000 A 5 MM ^ 7 - 30 Kg / hr butt & T- Joint B/J,F,T,h,v GOOD FAIR 2 - 6 MM COIL Copper coat CS, corrosion resist steel& ferrous alloy only some alloys structural,ship,repair pr.vessel,cem ,hardface plant,structural engg,ship high dep.rate, surface finish, Xray w eld,flux shieldarc
MIG 60 - 500 A 0.5 MM ^ 1 - 10 Kg/hr ALL+SPOT Dip ,pulsed arc FAIR FAIR 0.6 - 1.6 MM spool Copper coat steel,al alloys and other metal that can be w ire form light&heavy vehicle,high rate production
BRAZE 0.5 MM ^ Upto 2 Kg/hr lap,fillet,butt flat,verticle GOOD EXECLENT 1.6 - 6 MM,
Most metal SS-nuclear,Ni.alloy aircraft,Al.alloy food indus. Steel,CI, Copper ventilation,cast iron repair Slow ,corrosion,li mited material poisenous flux
continuous process,less finall low cost m/c. dressing Wide range of material no independent filler addition skill operator,slow Regular w eld line, fitup,low control, action limited to w ire flux chipping impact strength,less position feed skill operator,slow er than MIG. emits visible,UV ,hi open circt volt minor problem w ith flux dust emits visible & ultraviolet radiation. AC or DC DC, upto 2000A
NDE
All welds shall be inspected. A weld subject to inspection shall be acceptable if inspection shows: (a) No surface cracks (b) No Visible lack of fusion between welds and base metal (c) No craters (d) Uniform Weld profiles (e) That frequency of visible porosity in fillet welds does not exceed one in each 100 mm of length and the maximum diameter does not exceed 2.4 mm That groove welds have no visible porosity. (g) Undercut is not more than 0.5 mm deep.
Repairable