MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

DATABASE SYSTEM
A database system is a computer based record keeping system whose overall purpose is to record and maintain information that is relevant to the organization for making decisions. A database may also be described as a collection of data (or facts) that are logically organized and can easily be searched or manipulated. A database is in essence one or multiple computer files that encode data in a highly structured format. The following systems are used in various applications Ban king System and ATM Stock Trading Systems. Flight Reservation System Computerized Library System Super Market Product Inventory System.

COMPONENT OF DATABASE SYSTEM

Database system consist of four component Data Hardware Software Users

Data
Data act as bridge between the machine part i.e hardware, software and the users which directly access it through some application programs. Data may be of different types. User data: This consist of tables of data called relation(s)s. where Columns are called fields of attribute where rows are called records of table.
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 Metadata: is a description of the database structure. it basically means data about data. System Table stores the metadata which includes: Number of Tables and Table Names, Number of fields and field Names and Primary Key Fields. Hardware: consists of secondary storage device such as magnetic disk ( hard disk zip disk floppy disk), optical(CD-ROM), MAGNETIC tapes etc. on which data is stored together with the output/input devices (mouse, keyboard, printers). Software: consist of database management which acts as a bridge between the users, application programs , and database and files system of a particular storage media (hard disk, magnetic tapes etc) to insert, update, delete and retrieve data. Users: Users are those persons who need the information frome the database to care out their primary responsibility ie personnel, staff, clerrical, managers executives, etc.

Types of Data Bases

There are 5 types of databases Hierarchical model Network Model Relational Model Multidimensional Model Object Model
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Hierarchical structure
This is structure is simple but none flexible because the relationship is confined to a one-to-many relationship .IBMS IMS system and the RDM Mobile are examples of a hierarchical database system with the multiple. The hierarchical structure is used primarily today for storing geographic information and file systems.

Network structure
This consist of more complex relationships unlike the hierarchical structure ,it can relate to many records and access them by following one of several path. In order words the structure allows from many-to-many relationships.

Relational structure
It is used by mainframe, midrange and microcomputer system. it uses two dimensional rows and columns to store data. The tables of records can be connected by common key values.

Multidimensional Structure
This dimensional is similar to the relational model, the dimensions of the cube-like model have data relating to element in each cell. This structure gives a spreadsheet-like view of data.

Object oriented structure: this structure has the ability

to handle graphics, pictures, voice and text, types of data, This structure is popular for multimedia web-based applications. It is designed to work with
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DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Database management system(DBMS) is the category of computer software programs used for creating, organizing, retrieving, analyzing, and sorting information in computer-based databases. It helps to specify the logical organization for a database access, enforcing data integrity, managing concurrency, and restoring the database from backups.

Database and DBMS Structure

This units of database within a database are called records Each record is unique and is further broken down into a limited number of fields which describes attributes of the record. For example, in an employee database, a record exists for each employee, and the fields within each records may be designated with each employee names, title, salary, date of hire, telephone extension, supervisor name and so forth.

Functions of DBMS
There are various functions of a database which are listed as follows; The ablity to retrieve and update data This is a fundamental component of a DBMS essential to database management.without the ability to view or manipulate data,there would be no point using a database system. Support Concurrent Updates Concurrence updates occur when multiple users make update to the database simultaneously. Supporting concurrency updates is also crucial to database management as this component ensures that updates are made correctly and the end result is accurate. Security Security is the prevention of unauthorized users accessing the database.DBMS uses features such as encrypton, authentification, authourization and views to provide security to the database. Encrypton is when DBMS converts the data in a database to an indecipherable format. Data Integrity
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Data integrity is an important function in database management, this is a set of rules that DBMS provides to see that data integrity is enforced, thus avoiding incorrect or inconsistent data, Types of DBMS provisions are data type, legal values and format.

Database Administrator(DBA)
The people responsible for the management of databases are called database administrators. Each database administrator, dubbed DBA for the sake of brevity, may be engaged in performing various database manipulation tasks such as archiving, testing, running, security control, etc. Most of the major vendors who provides database solutions also offer courses to certify the DBA.

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