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When you change the way you look at things, the things you look at change.
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What is Perception?
A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. Peoples behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself. The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important.
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Perception
What is Perception?
How we view and interpret the events and situations in the world about us.
Why is it Important?
Because peoples behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself.
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PERCEPTUAL PROCESS
Input
Organisation Selection Interpretation Outputs
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PRINCIPLES OF ORGANISATION
Figure and Ground Principle of Similarity Principle of Proximity Principle of continuity Principle of Closure Principle of Symmetry
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Closure
Perception PPT for PGDM( RM) Organizational Behavior 2010
Symmetry
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PERCEPTUAL AMBIGUITY
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Word Color Test In this test DO NOT READ the words, say aloud the COLOR of each word.
YELLOW BLUE ORANGE BLACK RED GREEN PURPLE YELLOW RED ORANGE GREEN BLACK BLUE RED PURPLE GREEN BLUE ORANGE
Perception PPT for PGDM( RM) Organizational Behavior 2010
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Wavy Squares? No! The background of concentric circles makes the squares appear distorted.
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event. Evaluate the personal qualities of the people involved in the event.
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Our perception and judgment of others is significantly influenced by our assumptions of the other persons internal state.
When individuals observe behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused. Internal causes are under that persons control External causes are not person forced to act in that way
Distinctiveness -Shows different behaviors in different situations. Perception PPT for Consensus - Response is PGDM( the RM) same as others to Organizational Behavior 2010 same situation.
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Causes of Behavior
Internal factors Personal characteristics that cause behavior (e.g., ability, effort) External factors Environmental characteristics that cause behavior (e.g., task difficulty, good/bad luck)
Perception PPT for PGDM( RM) Organizational Behavior 2010
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People
People
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B C Tasks
B C Tasks
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Time
Time
Perception PPT for PGDM( RM) Organizational Behavior 2010
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The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others We blame people first, not the situation
Self-Serving Bias
The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors Perception PPT for PGDM( RM) Organizational Behavior It is our success2010 but their failure
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Selective Perception - People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interests, background, experience, and attitudes Halo Effect- Drawing a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic Contrast Effects - Evaluation of a persons characteristics that are affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics
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Stereotyping - Judging someone on the basis of ones perception of the group to which that person belongs a prevalent and often useful, if not always accurate, generalization
Perception PPT for PGDM( RM) Organizational Behavior 2010
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Employment Interview Perceptual biases of raters affect the accuracy of interviewers judgments of applicants Formed in a single glance 1/10 of a second! Performance Expectations Self-fulfilling prophecy (Pygmalion effect): The lower or higher performance of employees reflects preconceived leader expectations about employee capabilities Performance Evaluations Appraisals are often the subjective (judgmental) perceptions of appraisers of another employees job performance Critical impact on employees
Perception PPT for PGDM( RM) Organizational Behavior 2010
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