COMMUNICATION & PRESENTATION SKILLS

ORAL SKILLS & SPOKEN ENGLISH

MAIN POINTS TO REMEMBER ABOUT ORAL PRESENTATION

(i) effective use of visual aids (ii) adequate eye contact : size of the audience (iii) clarity in pronunciation and fluency (iv) maintaining a proper speed of presentation (v) posture and body movements suggesting confidence (vi) seeking and making proper use of visual feedback (vii) noting down important points arising out of discussion

DEVELOPING ORAL SKILLS

1. Speech & Writing/Printing: a comparison Speech : pitch, volume, tone, speed, pauses, body movements, facial expressions Writing/Printing: punctuation, capitalization, spacing, margins, fonts

DEVELOPING ORAL SKILLS

(continued) 2. Pronunciation of Words: (a) vowel and consonant sounds (comparison of sounds with letters a-z); The letter a in : fat //, father /a:/, fate /e/, about // Or the letters th in thin // & then //. Also notice (b) word-stress: language, communication

DEVELOPING ORAL SKILLS

(continued)

3. Use of the phonetic script and the (Pronouncing) Dictionary: International Phonetic Alphabet: free downloading is possible Dictionaries on CD : listening to the pronunciation and it variety (e.g. British & American) now possible

DEVELOPING ORAL SKILLS

(continued)

4. Pronunciation of Sentences: intonation and rhythm INTONATION: rising / (yes /) falling \ (yes \) combination \/ (yes \/) RHYTHM: de dum de dum x x

Vowel sounds of English

(Pure Vowels/Monophthongs) initially medially finally 1. /i:/ east sheet key 2. /I/ it hit duty 3. /e / end send 4. // and sand 5. /a:/ art heart car 6. // ox fox

Vowel sounds of English (continued)

7. /:/ 8. /U/ 9. /u:/ 10.// 11./:/ 12. // initially all ooze up earn ago medially ball put choose cup learn police stir maker finally saw chew

Vowel sounds of English (continued)

Diphthongs
13. /e/ 14. // 15. /a/ 16./a/ 17. // 18. // 19. /e/ 20. /u/ eight oak ice out oil ears airs straight joke mice shout boil beard paired cured stay slow my how boy peer hare tour

Consonant sounds of English

1. /p/ 2. /b/ 3. /t/ 4. /d/ 5. /k/ 6. /g/ initially pin bin tell day keep get medially spin tubs stick heads skill jugs finally keep club light laid stick bag

Consonant sounds of English

(continued)

7. // 8. / / 9. /m/ 10. /n/ 11. // 12. /l/

initially chin joke met net lot

medially finally reached teach hinged smoke snake rings fling large team tin sing full

Consonant sounds of English

(continued)

13 /f/ 14. /v/

initially fan van

medially finally soft if leaves thief

15. //
16.//

thin
then

months
clothes

bath
bathe

Consonant sounds of English

(continued)

17. /s/ 18. /z/ 19. // 20. //

initially sip zip ship measure

medially list loser rushed rouge

finally less buzz hush

Consonant sounds of English

(continued)

21. /h/ 22. /r/ 23. /w/ 24. /j/

initially hot rot watt yatch

medially finally behave try sweat tune

Word-stress
Two-syllable words Stress on first syllable bargain govern secret mischief message cabbage surface furnace husband butcher proverb thorough oven onion compass

Word-stress (continued)
Two-syllable words
Stress on second syllable admit forbid succed suppress police payee dismiss agree select request prefer refer occur arrest commence perhaps

Word-stress (continued)
Three-syllable words
Stress on first syllable advertise educate illustrate furniture government literature recognize signature tentative Stress on second syllable adventure commercial decision external internal permission revision spectator umbrella

Word-stress (continued)
Three-syllable words
Primary Stress on third syllable ,addressee ,cigarette ,coincide ,devotee ,engineer ,guarantee ,recimmend

Word-stress (continued)
Four-syllable words
Primary Stress on first syllable applicable accurately comfortable honourable Primary Stress on second syllable advertisement appreciate arithmetic exaggerate participate photography

Word-stress (continued)
Four-syllable words
Primary Stress on third syllable accidental application exhibition independent individual Primary Stress on fourth syllable dedicatee examinee

Word-stress (continued)
words with more than four syllables
Primary Stress on first syllable favouritism cannibalism secularism Primary Stress on second syllable adventurousness enthusiasm conservatism Primary Stress on third syllable electricity irresponsible popularity Primary Stress on fourth syllable academician civilization pacticipation

Word-stress (continued):
stress change according to part of speech
COMPARE: Noun/Adjective absent accent concert conflict export produce subject

Verb absent accent concert conflict export produce subject

Attributes of good oral communication

1.Sounds and sound combinations 2. Stress 3. Rhythm 4. Intonation 5. Speed: pausing 6. Clarity of articulation 7. Voice modulation: volume & pitch variation (avoiding monotonous speech)