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Alimentary
System
Xu Jin
Department of Anatomy
Chongqing Medical University
Introduction to Splanchnology
Splanchnology is dealing with the study of visceral organs
which can be divided into the alimentary, respiratory, urinary
and genital systems.
The common features of the viscera
Most organs of the viscera are situated in the thoracic and
abdomianl cavities.
Almost every system contains two principal constiuents, tubular
canal and a series of non-tubular, so-called parenchymatous organs.
The wall of the tubular tract, for example (digestive canal ) consists
of 4 layers. i. e. mucosa, submucosa, two muscular coats (an outer
longitudinal one and inner circular one ) and serosa (adventitia)
From the functional point of view, all of the 4 systems are related
to metabolism and maintaining the life of species.
The reference line and abdominal regions
Reference line
(refer to the
textbook)
Nine-area division
The alimentary system
Formation upper alimentary canal
(mouth---duodenum)
alimentary canal
lower alimentary canal
(jejunum---anus)
3 constricted position
portions distan
1st 15cm at the commencement
ce
2nd 25cm where is crossed by left
principal bronchus
4 divisions
cardiac part
fundus of stomach
body of stomach
pyloric antrum
pyloric part
pyloric canal
The small intestine
Division
fundus of gallbladder
body of gallbladder
neck of gallbladder
cystic duct
The bile duct
The bile duct
right
hepatic duct common hepatic duct common bile duct
Left
Cystic duct
jejunum ileum