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② external acoustic
meatus
cartilaginous part
bony part
③ tympanic membrane
flaccid part
tense part
2. The middle ear
tympanic cavity
auditory tube
mastoid cells
① tympanic cavity
sup. wall: tegmental w.
inf. wall : jugular w.
ant. wall: carotid w.
post. wall: mastoid w.
lat. wall: membranous w.
med. wall: labyrinthine w.
promontory
fenestra vestibuli / fenestra cochlea
prominence of facial canal
fenestra
vestibuli tympanic promontory
auditory ossicles
the malleus
the incus
the stapes
② auditory tube
③ mastoid cells
3. The internal ear
bony labyrinth
membranous labyrinth
① The bony labyrinth
vestibule
bony semicircular
canals
vestibule
② The membranous labyrinth
cochlear duct
spiral organ
membranous
semicircular ducts:
ampullary crest
helicotrema
modiolus
scala vestibuli
cochlear duct
scala tympani
spiral organ
Bony cochlea vestibule Semicircular canals
labyrinth (osseous ampullae)
Membranous Cochlea duct Utricle and saccule Semicircular canals
labyrinth (membranous ampullae)
nerve impulse
the perilymph
helicotrema within the scala
tympani
The second passway (aerial conduction)
air in the
The sound external acoustic
tympanic
wave meatus
cavity
nerve impulse