Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Introduction
What is IP?
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet.
History
In 1978, the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) mandated the use of IPv4 for all host-tohost data exchange enabling IPv4 to become the mechanism for the military to create integrated versus stovepiped communications.
2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mobile phones
Already 1 billion mobile phones delivered by the industry
Transportation
1 billion automobiles forecast for 2008
Consumer devices
Billions of Home and Industrial Appliances
2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Subnetting Network Address Translation (NAT) Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR)
Subnetting
Three-level hierarchy: network, subnet, and host. The extended-network-prefix is composed of the classful network-prefix and the subnet-number The extended-network-prefix has traditionally been identified by the subnet mask
Network-Prefix
2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Subnet-Number Host-Number
6
Subnetting Example
128.10.1.1 H1 128.10.1.2 H2
Each organizationsingle IP address Within organization each host with IP unique to the orgn., from reserved set of IP addresses
3 Reserved ranges
10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 (16,777,216 hosts)
NAT Example
10.0.0.4
B
10.0.0.1
Source Computer A B C D
Example: 192.168.0.0/21
10
Features of IPv6
Larger Address Space Aggregation-based address hierarchy Efficient backbone routing Efficient and Extensible IP datagram
11
12
multicast:
for one-to-many communication
M M A
anycast:
for one-to-nearest communication
13
2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
A A
13
14
15
Encryption header
Ensures confidentiality and privacy
Encryption modes:
Transport mode Tunnel mode
16
16
17
17
Much Still To Do
though IPv6 today has all the functional capability of IPv4, implementations are not as advanced
(e.g., with respect to performance, multicast support, compactness, instrumentation, etc.)
deployment has only just begun much work to be done moving application, middleware, and management software to IPv6 much training work to be done
(application developers, network administrators, sales staff,)
many of the advanced features of IPv6 still need specification, implementation, and deployment work
18
2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
18
Conclusion
IPv6 is NEW built on the experiences learned from IPv4 new features large address space
19
20