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An electrical switch is any device used to interrupt or change the flow of electrons in a circuit.

The term switch typically refers to electrical power or electronic telecommunication circuits. In simplest case, a switch has two pieces of metal called contacts that touch to make a circuit and separate to break the circuit.

Each set of contacts can be in one of two states: either closed meaning the contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them or open meaning the contacts are separated and non-conducting. Switches are classified according to the arrangement of their contacts in electronics.

In a multi-throw switch, there are two possible behaviors as you move from one position to another.

In some switch designs, the new contact is made before the old contact is broken. This is known as make-before-break, and ensures that the moving contact never sees an open circuit (shorting circuit).

The alternative is break-before-make, where the old contact is broken before the new one is made. This ensures that the two fixed contacts are never shorted to each other.
Both types of design are common in use, for different applications.

Most common: Single Pole Single Throw Single Pole Double Throw Double Pole Single Throw Double Pole Double Throw

A single pole switch has two terminals Its a simple on-off switch. This type can be used to switch the power supply to a circuit. The single pole switch is the general purpose workhorse of switches. Single pole switches turn a light, receptacle or device on and off from a single location. A characteristic of a single pole toggle switch is that it has an on and off marking on the switch.
SPST Toggle Switch

Type of Switch Push-to-make = SPST Momentary A push-to-make switch returns to its normally open (off) position when you release the button, this is shown by the brackets around ON. This is the standard doorbell switch. Push-to-break = SPST Momentary A push-to-break switch returns to its normally closed (on) position when you release the button. Key switch : Its a key operated switch.

Circuit Symbols

Example

A SPDT switch has three terminals but at a time only two terminals can function in a circuit. This switch can be on in both positions, switching on a separate device in each case. It is often called a changeover switch. For example, a SPDT switch can be used to switch on a red lamp in one position and a green lamp in the other position.

SPDT Rocker Switch

Types of Switches Toggle Switch- SPDT: A SPDT toggle switch may be used as a simple on-off switch by connecting COM and one of the A or B terminals shown in the diagram. A and B are interchangeable (COM refers to common wire). Slide Switch- SPDT Centre Off : A special version of the standard SPDT switch. It has a third switching position in the centre which is off. Momentary (ON)-OFF(ON) versions are also available Microswitch : Microswitches are designed to switch fully open or closed in response to small movements. They are available with levers and rollers attached.

Circuit Symbols

Example

A pair of on-off switches which operate together (shown by the dotted line in the circuit symbol). A DPST switch is often used to switch mains electricity because it can isolate both the live and neutral connections.
DPST Rocker Switch:

Circuit Symbol:

A pair of on-on switches which operate together (shown by the dotted line in the circuit symbol). Circuit Symbol:

A DPDT switch can be wired up as a reversing switch for a motor as shown in the diagram.

Type of Switch

Example

DPDT Centre Off- Slide Switch A special version of the standard SPDT switch. It has a third switching position in the centre which is off. This can be very useful for motor control because you have forward, off and reverse positions. Momentary (ON)-OFF-(ON) versions are also available where the switch returns to the central off position when released.

DIP stands for Dual In-line Parallel This is a set of miniature SPST on-off switches, the example shown has 8 switches. The package is the same size as a standard DIL (Dual In-Line) integrated circuit.

This type of switch is used to set up circuits, e.g. setting the code of a remote control.

There are many types of DIP switches. Some of the most common are: Rotary Switch: Rotary DIP switches contain multiple electrical
contacts one of which is selected by the rotating switch to align it with a number printed on the package. Rocker Switch and Slide Switch: The slide and rocker types, which are very common, are arrays of simple SPST (Single-pole single throw) contacts, which can be either on or off. Rocker Switch Slide Switch

Symbol:

There are two positions in which a device actuated with a push button can be, namely - pressed and released.

Most of these switches have an internal spring mechanism returning the button to its out, or unpressed position for momentary operation. Some switches will latch alternately on or off with every push of the button. Other will stay in their in or pressed position until the button is pulled back out.

Studied different kinds of switches. Explained the examples and its working. Understood the application of various types of switches.

Presented by: Anushree Gupta (717) Maitrai Hindlekar (718) Anurag Jain (719) Sarvesh Jha (720)

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