Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Pediculus humanus capitis ( head lice) Pediculus humanus corporis (body lice) Phthirus pubis (pubic lice)
Pediculosis
Head
lice are most commonly found in school children, with the most vulnerable age being 4-11 years old No significant sex differences Do not discriminate rich or poor Do not have any preference towards dirty or clean
Prevalence
Pediculosis
15% in France (Combescot, 1990), 33.7% in Australia (Speare and Buettner, 1999), 40% in Taiwan (Fan et al., 1991) 28.3% in the U.K. (Downs et al., 2000) USA : has risen steadily over the last 3 decades (Guenther, L, Medscape)
permanent ectoparasite blood-sucking insects Die after 10 days starvation Incomplete metamorphosis
Eggs
: laid at the base of hairs, about inch from the scalp A female louse can lay as many as 5 - 6 eggs each day (50-100 eggs in its lifetime) The eggs attach to the human hair with a material like super glue Eggs hatch after 7-10 days.
Difficult to differentiate: Rounded body (crab muscle of the thorax of P. louse) humanus corporis clearly seen
P.humanus corporis
Itching/ pruritus (play role as vector of epidemic typhus, trench fever, louse borne relapsing fever)
Phthirus pubis
Itching/ pruritus at pubic area eggs on eye lash can disturb eye vision
Phthiriasis
Pediculosis corporis
Diagnosis
Evidence
Favourite
nape of neck
Detection
combing
Treatment
Head lice :
Combing
and manual
Treatment
Insecticide
: Shampoo/ lotion / mousse of permetrin 1%, benzen hexachloride, pyrethrioid based Can be repeated after 10-14 days Cutting hair if needed
Treatment (contd)
Pediculosis
humanus corporis: change and wash clothing frequently Body lice : bedding should be fumigated
Pubic
Epidemiology
Transferred
from person to person through comb, mats, bedding Phthirus pubis : sexual activity P.humanus corporis : mostly in cool climate; poor personal hygiene