LECTURE - 02

VESSELS TYPE AND SIZE

SHIPS
A ship is a large vessel that floats on water Generally distinguished from boats based on size and cargo or passenger capacity.

SIZE OF SHIPS
DWT : Deadweight Tonnage
The carrying capacity of the ship, namely the total weight of cargo, fuel, fresh water etc.

GRT : Gross Registered Tonnage

Total volume of the ship (in m3) divided by 2.83 m3

NPT : Net Registered Tonnage

Available volume of cargo, i.e. GRT the volume of engine room, compartments for operation and ballast tanks

DT : Displacement Tonnage
The total weight of the ship, i.e. the weight of the sea water displaced by the ship

TYPES OF VESSELS
Ocean going vessels are classified by the type of cargo they carry and their size expressed as DWT. In some cases, a vessel is classified by its length and width. Bulk Carriers These vessels carry dry (grains, fertilizers,

phosphates and ores) or wet (chemicals, orange juice,

refined petroleum products) bulk cargo.

 Handysize
Size: 10,000 - 30,000 DWT These are small bulk carriers that make up the majority of the

world's short haul fleet. Handysize can refer either to a bulk

carrier or tanker.

Handymax
Size: 30,001 - 50,000 DWT
These are a larger version of the Handysize vessels and popular for both bulk and crude carriers. These vessels have a large variation in size and characteristics.

 Panamax
Size: 50,001 DWT - 80,000 DWT This is the maximum size ship that can pass through the locks of the Panama Canal. Locks are 1000ft long by 110ft wide and 85ft deep. Panamax dimensions are: overall length (LOA) of 965ft (290m); beam of 106ft (32.3m); draft of 39.5ft (12.04m).

Capesize
Size: 80,001 DWT - 199,000 DWT These are vessels that are too large to pass through the locks of either the Panama or Suez Canals. As a result, these vessels must travel around the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa or Cape Horn in South America to their destinations. These vessels also require deep-water ports.

 Very Large Ore Carriers (VL Ore Carriers)

Size: 200,000 DWT These vessels are the largest bulk carriers and also cannot pass through either the Panama or Suez canals.

Tankers
These vessels carry refined petroleum products in numerous bulk tanks for safety and in order to carry a number of different products in a single voyage. Tankers of less than 100,000 DWT are referred to as either "clean" or "dirty". Clean tankers carry refined petroleum products such as gasoline, kerosene, jet fuels, or chemicals. The so-called dirty vessels transport products such as heavy fuel oils or crude oil. Larger tankers usually only carry crude oil.

 Coastal
Size: 3,001 DWT - 10,000 DWT These are the smallest tankers and are generally used in coastal waters requiring a shallow draft. Coastal tankers typically carry kerosene, heating oils, fuels and chemicals.

Small
Size: 10,001 DWT - 19,000 DWT This is the next size up tanker and is still often used in coastal waters. These also typically carry kerosene, heating oils, fuels and chemicals.

Handy or Handysize
Size:19,001 DWT-25,000 DWT; Alternate: 10,000 - 34,999 DWT This is a popular-sized tanker, but typically not used in very long voyages

VESSEL TYPES

BULK CARRIER

ORE CARRIER

BARGE CARRIER

RO RO CONTAINER SHIP

Conti

CONTAINER SHIP

RO RO FERRY

CAR CARRIER

GAS CARRIER

Conti

CHEMICALS TANKER

PRODUCTS TANKER

VLCC

COMBINATION CARRIER

VESSEL SIZES
BULK CARRIERS
Dead Weight Tonnage (Tons) 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 15000 20000 25000 30000 40000 50000 60000 80000 100000 Overall Length (m) 100.0 118.0 130.0 140.0 150.0 163.0 180.0 194.0 205.0 223.0 235.0 245.0 259.0 268.0 Width (m) 15.4 16.6 17.6 18.5 19.4 20.7 22.8 24.7 26.5 29.7 32.5 35.0 39.2 42.5 Height (m) 7.0 8.3 9.5 10.5 11.2 12.0 13.0 13.8 14.3 15.4 16.2 17.1 18.8 20.4 Fully Laden Draught (m) 6.3 6.9 7.4 7.9 8.5 9.0 9.7 10.3 10.7 11.1 11.3 12.0 12.6 13.0

COMBINATION OF BULK/ORE CARRIERS

Dead Weight Tonnage (Tons) 119190 112900 113180 102824 118000 104330 111120 98720 Overall Length (m) 270 261 261 259 261 259.7 261 255 Breadth (Moulded) 42.00 40.20 40.60 41.30 42.00 38.00 40.60 40.20 Depth (Moulded) 21.20 21.40 24.00 20.40 22.80 21.30 23.00 23.90 Draught (Loaded) 15.60 15.50 16.00 14.20 16.13 15.52 16.00 14.63 Draught (Ballast) m (max) 8.4 10.62 (Max) 10.69 8.29 9.0 9.37 9.36 9.00

113180

261

40.60

23.00

16.00

9.74

Container vessels
Container Vessel TEU capacity DWT (ave) L m D m B m

1st generation
2nd generation 3rd generation 4th generation Panamax-plus Conbulk

750 - 1100
1500- 1800 2400- 3000 4000- 4500 4300- 4600

14,000
30,000 45,000 57,000 54,000

180 - 200
225 - 240 270 - 300 290 - 310 270 -300

9.0
11.5 12.5 11.5-12.5 11 - 12

27.0
30.0 32.0 32.3 38 - 40

mostly Panamax-size bulk carriers

TANKER DIMENSIONS
Ship size (1,000 DWT) 20 Draft (m) 9 Beam (m) 22 Length (m) 180

50
70 100 150 200 250 300

12
13 15 16,5 19 21 23

31
35 41 46 50 52 55

235
260 270 300 330 340 350

550

28,5

63

415

DISTRIBUTION OF WORLD FLEET OF TANKERS

Ship size (1000 DWT) Number of ships

30 to 80
80 to 130 130 to 180 180 to 230 230 to 280 280 to 330 330 to 380 380 to 430 430 to 480

347
357 274 49 294 66 25 21 5

480 to 530
530 to 565

4
2

MOORING EQUIPMENT FOR DIFFERENT SHIP SIZES

Ship size (DWT) 25,000 75,000 140,000 250,000

Mooring equipment 14 polypropylene dia 60 mm 20 polypropylene dia 72 mm 20 polypropylene dia 80 mm 24 polypropylene dia 88 mm

550,000

20 steel dia 42 mm + 2 polypropylene dia 80 mm