A TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION USING PLC

SHAIK MAJEED RIZWAN B.TECH IV YEAR II SEMESTER HT.NO:-09RT1A0201

CONTENTS
1.INTRODUCTION 2.WHAT IS AUTOMATION 3.CONCEPT OF AUTOMATION 4.AUTOMATION HISTORY 5.AUTOMATION TOOLS 6.PLC 7.ADVANTAGES 8.DISADVANTAGES 9.APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION
PLC is a solid state device or industrial computer that performs discrete logic in factory environment. It was originally developed to replace mechanical timers,counters,relays etc. PLCs are used successfully to execute complicated control functions in the plant. Instruction is programmed by the user in the plc memory then program is executed. PLC operates the system according to the correct operating specifications. PLC operation is a sequential process.

A Shaft manufacturing in process

If many shafts are to be produced...

1. What sort of accuracies are expected? 2. What is the production rate? 3. To produce more units per given time, compromise on tolerances?

End result:

No two shafts will be identical and performance of machines using these, will not be same!!!

How to produce more such units with better tolerances? Automation is the solution!!

What is automation?

The use of modern techniques to produce multiple units of the same product with high and same degree of accuracy This will result in overall performance and end product quality With the advent of automation, highly precise and complex products can be produced

Automation examples
Automation is basically a delegation of human control function to control technical equipment.

Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies reducing the need for human
intervention.

Example Continued

Automation History
1.MANUAL CONTROL 2.PNEUMATIC

CONTROL

3.HARD WIRE LOGIC CONTROL

5.PLC

4.ELECTRONIC CONTROL USING GATES

Automation Tools
Different types of automation tools exist:

ANN - Artificial neural network

DCS - Distributed Control System HMI - Human Machine Interface

SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

PLC - Programmable Logic Controller PAC - Programmable automation controller Instrumentation Motion control Robotics

PLC
What does PLC mean? A PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers) is an industrial computer used to monitor inputs, and depending upon their state make decisions based on its program or logic, to control (turn on/off) its outputs to automate a machine or a process.

Programmable Logic Controllers

( Definition according to NEMA standard ICS3-1978)

A digitally operating electronic apparatus which uses a programming memory for the internal storage of instructions for implementing specific functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting and arithmetic to control through digital or analog modules, various types of machines or process.

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Major Components of a Common PLC POWER

SUPPLY IM NO PD UU TL E OM UO TD PU UL TE

PROCESSOR

From SENSORS
Pushbuttons, contacts, limit switches, etc.

To OUTPUT
Solenoids, contactors, alarms etc.

PROGRAMMING DEVICE

OUTPUTS
INPUTS
CONTACTOR LAMP PUSHBUTTONS

MOTOR

PLC

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PLC Device
PLCs are compact, powerful, flexible, modular and intelligent units.

Leading Brands Of PLC

AMERICAN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Allen Bradley Gould Modicon Texas Instruments General Electric Westinghouse Cutter Hammer Square D Siemens Klockner & Mouller Festo Telemechanique

EUROPEAN 1. 2. 3. 4.

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PLC

PLCs are available in different sizes to suit different applications. They offer cost effective solutions. PLCs being microprocessor based, offer changes to the logic very easily. PLCs also offer number crunching capability PLCs can be programmed from a PC

Selecting a PLC
Criteria Number of logical inputs and outputs. Memory Number of special I/O modules Scan Time Communications Software

Examples of PLC Programming Software: 1. Allen-Bradley Rockwell Software RSLogix500 2. Modicon - Modsoft 3. Omron - Syswin 4. GE-Fanuc Series 6 LogicMaster6 5. Square D- PowerLogic 6. Texas Instruments Simatic 6. Telemecanique Modicon TSX Micro

ADVANTAGES
Accurate and consistent information Faster fault identification

Improved availability of system

Increased Production

ADVANTAGES
Reduced Cost
Maintenance of Quality & Quantity

Improved Safety Conditions

ADVANTAGES :
Reliable in operation. Flexibility in programming and reprogramming in the plant. Online/offline modifications. Cost effective for controlling complex systems. Small physical size, shorter project time. Speed of operation. Ability to communicate with computer systems in the plant. Ease of maintenance /troubleshooting. Documentation. Security.

Disadvantages
The main disadvantages of automation are: Technology limits: Current technology is unable to automate all the desired tasks. Initial costs are relatively high: The automation of a new product required a huge initial investment in comparison with the unit cost of the product, although the cost of automation is spread in many product batches Newer Technology.

APPLICATIONS
1. Automated Video surveillance

2.Automated Highway Systems

APPLICATIONS
3.Automated manufacturing

4.Home Automation

THANK YOU

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