Supplementary Training Modules on GMP

Air Handling Systems Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Part 2: Components

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 1 of 20

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Air Handling Systems

Purpose of an air handling system

Air Handling System

Supply Air

Production Room With Defined Requirements

Outlet Air

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 2 of 20

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Air Handling Systems

Objectives In the following slides, we will study the components of air handling systems in order to:
1.
2.

become familiar with the components

know their functions

3.

become aware of possible problems

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 3 of 20

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Air Handling Systems

Main subsystems
Exhaust air treatment

Fresh air treatment (make-up air)

Terminal air treatment at production room level

Production Room Central air handling unit

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 4 of 20

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Air Handling Systems

Overview components
Exhaust Air Grille
Silencer Flow rate controller Fan Filter

Weather louvre

Control damper Heater

+
Prefilter Humidifier Terminal filter

Heating coil

Cooling coil with droplet separator

Secondary Filter

Production Room

Re-circulated air

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 5 of 20

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Air Handling Systems

Components (1)

Weather louvre Silencer Flow rate controller Control damper

To prevent insects, leaves, dirt and rain from entering To reduce noise caused by air circulation Automated adjustment of volume of air (night and day, pressure control) Fixed adjustment of volume of air

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 6 of 20

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Air Handling Systems

Components (2)

Heating unit
Cooling unit /dehumidifier

To heat the air to the proper temperature

To cool the air to the required temperature or to remove moisture from the air

Humidifier
Filters Ducts

To bring the air to the proper humidity, if too low

To eliminate particles of pre-determined dimensions and/or micro-organisms To transport the air
Slide 7 of 20
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Module 3, Part 2: Components

Air Handling Systems

Problems with components

Flow rate controller

Control damper Humidifier Cooling battery Filters

Blocked
Poorly adjusted, bad pressure differential system Bad water/steam quality/poor drainage No elimination of condensed water/poor drainage Incorrect retention rate/damaged/badly installed

Ducts

Inappropriate material/internal insulator leaking

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 8 of 20

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Air Handling Systems

Air types

Fresh air (make-up air)

Supply air

Exhaust air

Production Room

Return air (re-circulated)

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 9 of 20

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Air Handling Systems

Comparing International Cleanroom Classifications
Particles / m3

0.5m 1 3,5 10 35 100 353 1.000 3.530 10.000 35.300 100.000 353.000 1.000.000 3.530.000 10.000.000

US 209D nonmetric

US 209E 1992 metric

EC cGMP Annex I 1997

Germany VDI 2083 1990 0

UK BS 5295 1989

Japan ISO 14644JIS B 9920 1 1989 2 3 4 2 3 4 5

1 10 100

M1 M 1.5 M2 M 2.5 M3 M 3.5 M4 M 4.5 M5 M 5.5 M6 M 6.5 M7

1 2 A, B
A= unidirectional B= turbulent

E or F

1.000 10.000 100.000

4 C D 5 6

G or H J K

6 7 8

6 7 8

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 10 of 20

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Air Handling Systems

Filter classes
Standard Dust filters

Aerosol

Coarse
Dp > 10 m

Fine
10 m > Dp > 1 m

HEPA
Dp < 1 m

ULPA

G1 - G4
EN 779 Standard

F5 - F9

H 11 - 13
EN 1822 Standard

U 14- 17

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 11 of 20

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Air Handling Systems

Classification of filters according to their efficiency

Average Efficiency Integral Value Retention in Penetration % 85 0.15 95 99.5 99.95 99.995 0.05 5x10 5x10 5x10
-3 -4 -5

Peak Arrestance Local Value Efficiency Penetration

F9 H11 H12 H13 U14

97.5 99.75 99.975

25x10 25x10 25x10

-3 -4 -5

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 12 of 20

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Air Handling Systems

HEPA or tertiaary filter

Primary panel filter

Secondary filter
Module 3, Part 2: Components Slide 13 of 20
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Air Handling Systems

Humidifier Silencer Heating and cooling units

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 14 of 20

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Air Handling Systems

Control damper for air flow

Humid room air Adsorber wheel Dry air
AHU with fan Variable Speed Controller

Regeneration air

Humid room air Air heater

Filter Pressure Gauges

De-humidification

Air handling unit

Slide 15 of 20
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Module 3, Part 2: Components

Air Handling Systems

1
2

3 4

1 2 3 4

Filter Swirl Tightening frame Register outlet Screw fixation for register

Type air diffusors with terminal filters

Slide 16 of 20
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Module 3, Part 2: Components

Air Handling Systems

High induction office type diffusor (avoid)

Module 3, Part 2: Components Slide 17 of 20

Low induction swirl diffusor (preferred)

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Air Handling Systems

Regulation of room pressure pressure differentials concept

Room pressure gauges Room pressure indication panel

Annex 1, 17.26
Module 3, Part 2: Components Slide 18 of 20
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Air Handling Systems

Pressure cascade injectables Protection from micro-organisms and particles

Room 1
30 Pa 60 Pa

Room 2 A LF

Room 3
45 Pa

D Air Lock
45 Pa

Air Lock B C

15 Pa 30 Pa

Passage

Air Lock

0 Pa

Annex 1, 17.24, 17.25

Note : Direction of door opening relative to room pressure

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 19 of 20

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Air Handling Systems

Pressure cascade solids Protection from cross-contamination
Room 1
15 Pa

Room 2
15 Pa
Room 1
15 Pa

Room 3
15 Pa

Room 2
15 Pa

Room 3
15 Pa

Air Lock

Air Lock Air

30 Pa

Lock
E

0 Pa

Passage

15 Pa

Note : Direction of door opening relative to room pressure

Air Lock

Air Lock Air

30 Pa

Lock E Passage
15 Pa

0 Pa

Note : Direction of door opening relative to room pressure

Module 3, Part 2: Components

Slide 20 of 20

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