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RAN Troubleshooting

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This training mainly provides the basic methods to locate common faults of RAN

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Chapter 1 Troubleshooting Overview

Chapter 2 Interface Troubleshooting

Chapter 3 Cell Troubleshooting

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Troubleshooting Overview
General Flows of Troubleshooting

Start Collect fault information Definite the fault

Locate the fault

Clear the fault

Verify the fault End

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Troubleshooting Overview
Step 1: Information collection:
Information Item Fault symptoms, as well as the occurrence time, place, frequency Running state of the equipment, operations and related results before the fault occurrence, and measures taken afterwards Alarms and associated alarms, states of board indicators Collection Method Consult the customer service center

Consult the O&M staff Observe board indicators and alarm management system on the LMT or M2000 Perform service test, performance measurement, and interface and signaling tracing

Area and impact of the fault

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Troubleshooting Overview
Step 2: Fault Definition:

Loading faults
Clock faults

Functional subsystem faults

Interface link faults RF performance faults

Cell faults
RAN faults CS faults Service faults PS faults Access faults O&M faults

Handover faults

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Troubleshooting Overview
Step 3: Fault Locating

Locating faults in the functional subsystem Troubleshoot these faults in compliance with the indicator information, alarm handling suggestions, or error prompts

Locating faults in services

For faults in voice services or packet switched services

Check the Iu, Iub, and Uu interfaces Check the RNP/RNO parameters
For faults in handover or access to the network

Start the signaling tracing and comparing it with the protocols

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Troubleshooting Overview
Common Fault Location Methods

Alarm Analysis Comparison or Replacement Interface Signaling and User Tracing Switch Over or Reset Traffic Measurement Test Analysis

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Troubleshooting Overview
Step 4: Fault Clearing

Methods to clear the faults and recover the system

Replacing the cables, replacing boards, updating configuration data, switching over system and resetting boards
Different procedures should be applied to different faults
Step 5: Fault Verifying

Check the states of board indicators and alarm box indicators, and perform dialing test
Review the whole troubleshooting process, note down the key points in the troubleshooting, and summarize the workaround and methods for improvement to avoid recurrence of the faults of the same type

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Chapter 1 Troubleshooting Overview

Chapter 2 Interface Troubleshooting

Chapter 3 Cell Troubleshooting

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Interface Troubleshooting
Iub interface protocol
Control Plane Radio Network Layer
NCP

User plane
FP

NBAP
CCP CCP
Transport Network Control Plane

Transport Network Layer

Transport Network User Plane

Transport Network User Plane

Q.AAL2

Q.2630.1 Q.2150.2

A
SCTP SAAL UNI IP DLL

B
SAAL UNI

C
AAL2PATH UDP IP DLL

ATM Physical Layer

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Interface Troubleshooting
Iu-CS interface protocol
Control Plane Radio Network Layer Transport Network Layer User plane

RANAP

Iu UP

Transport Network User Plane

Transport Network Control Plane

Transport Network User Plane

Q.AAL2

A A
SCCP MTP3-B

Q.2630.1 Q.2150.1

B B

MTP3-B SAAL NNI

C
AAL2 PATH

SAAL NNI

ATM Physical Layer

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Interface Troubleshooting
Iu-PS interface protocol
Control Plane Radio Network Layer Transport Network Layer User plane

RANAP

Iu UP

Transport Network User Plane

Transport Network Control Plane

Transport Network User Plane

A
SCCP

C
GTP-U

MTP3-B

UDP IP

SAAL NNI

AAL Type 5

ATM
Physical Layer

ATM Physical Layer

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Interface Troubleshooting
Alarms of Physical Layer Faults
E1/T1 fault alarms ALM-1101 E1/T1 Loss of Signal ALM-1001 IMA Link Loss Of Frame ALM-1007 IMA/UNI Link Loss of Cell Delineation ALM-1011 IMA Group Activated Links Insufficient

STM-1 fault alarms

ALM-901 Optical Port Loss of Signal ALM-903 Optical Port Loss of Frame

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Interface Troubleshooting
Alarms of Data Link Layer Faults

FE fault alarms ALM-851 FE Link Down ALM-852 FE Link Send Defect Indication PPP link alarms

ALM-2602 PPP/MLPPP Link Down

ALM-2604 MLPPP Group Down

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Interface Troubleshooting
Alarms of Signaling link Faults
SAAL link alarms ALM-1801 SAAL (NNI) Link Alignment Failed ALM-1802 SAAL Link Unavailable SCTP link alarms ALM-1851 SCTP Link Down ALM-1852 SCTP link congest MTP3-B link alarms ALM-1413 MTP-3b Signalling Link Unavailable ALM-1403 MTP-3b DSP Inaccessible

NCP/CCP alarms
ALM-2010 NCP Faulty ALM-2011 CCP Faulty

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Interface Troubleshooting
Alarms of Control Plane Faults

QAAL2 alarms ALM-1601 QAAL2 PDU Mandatory Parameters Absent ALM-1602 QAAL2 Receives Unknown Message ALM-1618 QAAL2 Protocol Version Mismatch

ALM-1615 AAL2 Adjacent Node Unavailable

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Interface Troubleshooting
Alarms of User Plane Faults

AAL2PATH alarms ALM-1603 AAL2 Path Blocked By Peer End ALM-1605 AAL2 Path Reset By Peer End IP PATH alarms

ALM-2606 IP PATH Down

GTP-U alarms ALM-1901 Path to SGSN Faulty ALM-1902 Link to SGSN Fault

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Interface Troubleshooting
Points of Processing Alarms

1, Alarms would be classified according to sources

2, Cell alarms may come from transport or hardware faults 3, Alarms in high layer come from the faults in lower layer in transport 4, Most alarms in transport come from physical faults

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Troubleshooting Case Unavailable E1/T1 Physical Links

Symptom and Fault Definition

After you run the DSP E1T1 command on the RNC LMT to check the state of the E1/T1 links, Link running state is any of the following: Loss of Signal ALM-1101 E1/T1 Loss Of Signal Loss of Frame ALM-1102 E1/T1 Loss Of Frame Remote Alarm ALM-1103 E1/T1 Remote Alarm Indication Loss of Multiple Frame ALM-1105 E1/T1 Loss Of Multiframe

Fault
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Troubleshooting Case Unavailable E1/T1 Physical Links

Fault Locating and Clearing

If Link running state is one of those previous introduction except Fault, handle the fault according to the Alarm Handling in the online help If the Link running state is Fault ,then do the loopback test of E1/T1 and recover the faulty E1/T1 cables

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Troubleshooting Case Unavailable E1/T1 Physical Links

Loopback test of E1/T1 from RNC
Step 1: local port loopback to check the E1/T1 ports in RNC SET E1T1LOP, LOP E1T1, SET E1T1LOP Step 2: physical local loopback to check the local cables in RNC Connect the TX end with the RX end of the E1/T1 at the local end LOP E1T1 Cancel the loopback at the local end Step 3: physical remote loopback to check the transmission in RNC Connect the TX end with the RX end of the E1/T1 at the remote end LOP E1T1 Cancel the loopback at the remote end Step 4: remote port loopback to check the E1/T1 ports at the remote end

SET E1T1LOP(peer end), LOP E1T1(RNC LMT), SET E1T1LOP(peer end)

Step 5:reset the IMA group RST IMAGRP

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Troubleshooting Case Unavailable E1/T1 Physical Links

Loopback Test

of E1/T1 from RNC

Step 3: Physical remote loop back
>> LOP E1T1 (RNC LMT)

Step 1: Local Loop Back

>> SET E1T1LOP (Loop type=local) >> LOP E1T1 (Activate loop) >> SET E1T1LOP (Loop type=noloop)

RNC
Step 2: Physical local loop back
TX RX

NodeB
TX RX

>> LOP E1T1 (RNC LMT)

Step 5: Reset IMA group

>> RST IMAGRP

Step 4: Remote Loop Back

>> SET E1T1LOP (peer end:Loop type=remote) >> LOP E1T1 (RNC LMT:Activate loop) >> SET E1T1LOP (peer end:Loop type=noloop)
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Troubleshooting Case Unavailable E1/T1 Physical Links

Loopback test of E1/T1 from NodeB
Step 1: local port loopback to check the E1/T1 ports in NodeB SET E1T1LOP, DSP E1T1, SET E1T1LOP Step 2: physical local loopback to check the local cables in NodeB Connect the TX end with the RX end of the E1/T1 at the local end DSP E1T1 Cancel the loopback at the local end Step 3: physical remote loopback to check the transmission in NodeB Connect the TX end with the RX end of the E1/T1 at the remote end DSP E1T1 Cancel the loopback at the remote end Step 4: remote port loopback to check the E1/T1 ports at the remote end

SET E1T1LOP(peer end), DSP E1T1(NodeB LMT), SET E1T1LOP(peer end)

Step 5:reset the IMA group RST IMAGRP

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Troubleshooting Case Unavailable E1/T1 Physical Links

Loopback Test

of E1/T1 from NodeB

Step 2: Physical local loop back
>> DSP E1T1 (NodeB LMT)

Step 5: Reset IMA group

>> RST IMAGRP

RNC
Step 3: Physical remote loop back
TX RX

NodeB
TX RX

>> DSP E1T1 (NodeB LMT)

Step 4: Remote Loop Back

>> SET E1T1LOP (peer end:Loop type=remote) >> DSP E1T1 (NodeB LMT:Activate loop) >> SET E1T1LOP (peer end:Loop type=noloop)
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Step 1: Local Loop Back

>> SET E1T1LOP (Loop type=local) >> DSP E1T1 (Activate loop) >> SET E1T1LOP (Loop type=noloop)
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Chapter 1 Troubleshooting Overview

Chapter 2 Interface Troubleshooting

Chapter 3 Cell Troubleshooting

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Cell Setup Procedure

LOCELL, CELL, CCP NBAP_AUDIT_REQ NBAP_AUDIT_RSP NBAP_CELL_SETUP_REQ CELL ID, Frequency, Power

NBAP_CELL_SETUP_RSP
NBAP_COMM_TRANSP_CH_SETUP_REQ NBAP_COMM_TRANSP_CH_SETUP_RSP NBAP_COMM_TRANSP_CH_SETUP_REQ

Setup Common Channels 1PRACHAICH 2SCCPCH PICH

NBAP_COMM_TRANSP_CH_SETUP_RSP
NBAP_SYS_INFO_UPDATE_REQ NBAP_SYS_INFO_UPDATE_RSP

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Cell Troubleshooting
Alarms of Cell Setup Failure
ALM-2036 NodeB Audit No Rsp ALM-2012 Cell Setup Failed ALM-2014 Common Channel Setup Failed ALM-2032 Cell Max DL power mismatch ALM-2027 Cell HSDPA Setup Failed ALM-2006 Cell Unavailable ALM-2030 Cell HSDPA Unavailable

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Troubleshooting Case
Cell Setup Is Not Initiated After the Audit Process Ends

Fault Symptom and Definition Cell setup is not started after the audit process ends Fault Locating Execute the LST CELL command The result shows that the cell data is available, so cell setup is allowed

The corresponding LocalCell ID can be obtained

The NBAP_AUDIT_RSP message includes the corresponding LocalCell information. The max TX power supported by LocalCell is 370 (37 dBm)

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Troubleshooting Case
Cell Setup Is Not Initiated After the Audit Process End

Fault Locating

Execute the LST CELL command. The result shows that the max TX power configured for the cell is 430 (43 dBm), which is greater than that supported by LocalCell. That is, the two power settings are inconsistent
Fault Clearing and Verifying
It is checked that the max TX power 370 reported by the NodeB is correct Reduce the max transmit power of the cell by MOD CELL and modify the power threshold of PCPICH by MOD PCPICHPWR in RNC LMT

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