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The cop, the typical package shape on the ring spinning machine, consists of three clearly distinguishable buildup sections the lower, rounded base (A) the middle, cylindrical section (Z) and the conical nose (S).
COP BOTTOM
It is built up from bottom to top from many conical layers (Fig), but constant conicity is achieved only after the formation of the base. In the base portion itself, winding begins with an almost cylindrical layer on the similarly almost cylindrical tube. With the deposition of one layer on another, the conicity gradually increases.
Motion diagram for the working elements: ring (a), balloon checking rings (b) and yarn guide eyelets (c)
Underwinding position (b) and piecing position (a) of the ring rail
where mL is the mass of the traveler, L is the angular velocity of the traveler, and dR is the diameter of the ring.
For a rough estimate, the term can be ignored. Approximately, therefore, we have:
The tensile force (FF) on the yarn; a, with a large cop diameter; b, with a small cop diameter (bare tube)
Continual changes in yarn tension due to winding on larger and smaller diameters
BALLOON TENSION