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WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS

GROUP 02 BCH 1

DEFINITION
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They

are large, shallow basins in which raw sewage is treated entirely by natural processes involving both algae and bacteria are used for sewage treatment in temperate and tropical climates energy is the only requirement for their 2 operation

They

Sunlight

WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS

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LAGOONS
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They

are man-made outdoor earthen basins in which waste is stored and undergoes anaerobic respiration as part of a system designed to manage and treat waste are effective in on-site waste water treatment and they are relatively easy to maintain should be constructed in positions where trees will not restrict sunlight exposure and free air movement

They

They

SEPTIC TANK WITH LAGOON (OXIDATION POND)

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Septic tank Lagoon

Dyke

MAINTENANCE OF LAGOONS
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A permanent vegetative cover should be established on the lagoon dike as soon as possible to prevent erosion of the dyke Vegetative growth should be controlled to assure necessary sunlight exposure and air movement No trees should be allowed to grow around the lagoon.

They should be fenced

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ADVANTAGES OF LAGOONS
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Low

operational and maintenance cost

Lagoons

provide effective treatment with minimal threat to the environment well in clay soils where conventional subsurface on-site absorption fields will not work
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Work

DISADVANTAGES OF LAGOONS
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Lagoons must be constructed in clay soil or be lined to prevent leakage May overflow occasionally during extended periods of heavy rainfall

Offensive odours may occur

Can not be installed on a small lot.

Some people consider lagoons unsightly and unsafe

As with any other open body of water, there is some potential danger
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TYPES OF WASTE STABILISATION PONDS

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Anaerobic

ponds; Are commonly 2 5 m deep and receive wastewater with high organic loads ponds; Are usually 1-2 m deep and are of two types i.e. Primary facultative ponds and secondary facultative ponds ponds; Are usually 1-1.5 m deep and they receive the effluent from the facultative ponds. Their primary function is to remove excreted pathogens

Facultative

Maturation

PROCESSES IN WASTE STABILIZATIONS POUNDS

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Anaerobic

ponds; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) removal is achieved by sedimentation of solids, and subsequent anaerobic digestion in the resulting sludge

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PROCESSES IN WSPS
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Facultative ponds; The process of oxidation of organic matter by aerobic bacteria is usually dominant in primary facultative ponds and secondary facultative ponds

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Pathways of BOD removal in primary facultative ponds (After Marais, 1970)

PROCESSES IN WSPS
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Maturation ponds; Faecal bacterial die-off in ponds increases with both time and temperature. High pH values ( >9) occur in ponds, due to rapid photosynthesis by pond algae

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MAINTENANCE OF WSPS
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There

is need for periodic vegetation, plants, algae and scum control of odour, if any volume and BOD of the sewage

Control

Monitor

Desludging

of Anaerobic Pond (say 2 to 5 years)

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ADVANTAGES OF WSPS
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Simple

to build, reliable and easy to maintain

Provides

pathogen removal which is better than the conventional treatment in small communities

Used

Low

in construction and operating cost

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DISADVANTAGES OF WSPS
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Large

area requirement

Poor

quality of treated effluent

May

promote breeding of vectors in the ponds

to be located far from communities
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Needs

REFERENCES
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Waste stabilization ponds and constructed wetlands design manual by S. Kayombo, T.S.A. and N. Ladegaard, WSP & CW Research Project Oklahoma Department of Environmental quality Philippines Sanitation Sourcebook and Decision Aid

Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics by Sandy Caircross and Richard Feachem
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