Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2004 during 28th session of the World

Heritage Committee meeting under criteria (iii), (iv), (v) and (vi). The committee requested to the State Party to monitor the implementation of the Management Plan.

Champaner-Pavagadh World Heritage Area Management Authority The Government of Gujarat has passed a bill in 2005, called ChampanerPavagadh World Heritage Area Management Authority Bill, 2005, which has legally provided for constituting and establishing of the ChampanerPavagadh Archaeological Park World Heritage Area Management Authority, or Authority to manage and ensure integrated conservation of the Champaner-Pavagadh Archeology Park in terms of the recommendations of the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO. The Chief Secretary to the Government of Gujarat is the chairperson of the Authority The jurisdiction of the Authority is over whole of the Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park area, including the Buffer Zone area, excepting those of the centrally protected monuments and sites, and their respective Prohibited (100 m) Areas, and Regulated (200 m beyond Prohibited Areas) Areas.

The Director General, Archaeological Survey of India. The Principal Secretary, Forest & Environment Department. The Secretary, Sports, Youth & Cultural Activities Department, & Vice Chairman (Champaner Heritage Authority). The Managing Director, Tourism Corporation of Gujarat Ltd. The Secretary, Roads & Buildings Department. The Collector, Panchmahal,Godhra, . The District Development Officer,Panchmahal, Godhra.

The Superintendent of Police,Panchmahal, Godhra.

The Deputy Conservator of, Panchmahal, Godhra. The Director of Archaeology, State The Superintending Archaeologist, Archaeological Survey of , Vadodara Circule The planner, Regional Office

The Executive Engineer, Road & Building Division (State), Panchmahal-Godhra. Head, Department of Archaeology, M.S of Baroda. President, Heritage Trust, C/o Ecology Society.

Sarpanch (the Village Head), Champaner, Taluk Halol, Distt.

Panchmahal, Gujarat. The Temple Trust, Pavagadh (Champaner)

Technical Committee of the Authority Under the jurisdiction of the Authority is constituted a Technical Committee with the Superintending Archaeologist of Archaeological Survey of India, Vadodara Circle, as its chairperson. All technical proposals, before submitting these to the Authority for its approval, are discussed, scrutinized and approved in the meeting of the Technical Committee. For examples, all structural conservation works mentioned are approved by the Authority before their execution on ground.

The Superintending Archaeologist, Archaeological Survey of India. The Director of Archaeology, State The Deputy Conservator of, Panchmahal, Godhra. Head, Department of Archaeology, M.S of Baroda. President, Heritage Trust, C/o Ecology Society.

Legal Framework There exists both Central and State legal frameworks to protect the cultural property at CPAP. Thus, the centrally protected cultural properties are being managed under the Ancient Monument Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 , and Rules 1959 framed thereto, the Antiquities and Art Treasure Act 1972, and Rules 1973 made thereto, and the Ancient Monument Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2010. Similarly, the cultural properties protected by the State Government of Gujarat are being governed by the Gujarat Ancient Monument Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1965, and Rules 1967 thereto. Both Central and State Acts do not allow any mining and construction in Prohibited Area (minimum 100 m distant from the protected limits of a monument or site), and, new construction in the Regulated Area (further minimum 200 m the Prohibited Area) is possible only with permission of the Competent Authority. The Central Act of 2010, mentioned above, has provisioned that henceforth such permission can be granted only by the National Monument Authority. This is by far the most stringent measure taken by the government of India in matters of safeguarding countrys entire cultural property including that at CPAP.

Management Levels Governmental Central: The Archaeological Survey of India, through its regional office of the Vadodara Circle at Vadodara (Gujarat) manages its cultural property of CPAP. The Vadodara Circle has its Sub Circle Office at Pavagadh to directly look after and conserve the monuments and sites of the CPAP. State: The Directorate of Archaeology, Government of Gujarat, is responsible for managing all cultural properties at Gujarat, including those at CPAP. Now that the Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park World Heritage Area Management Authority is in place which functions under the directives of the Chief Secretary of the Gujarat state, the top level state functionary, the cultural properties are being managed with proper care and in consultation with all stakeholders.

SCIENTIFIC CONSERVATION AND PRESERVATION The Science Branch of Archaeological Survey of India, with its Zonal Office at Vadodara (Gujarat) is responsible for undertaking scientific conservation works on the centrally protected monuments of the Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, Panchmahal-Godhra (Gujarat). The objective of scientific conservation, as one would expect, is to prolong the life of cultural property without loss of its authenticity. Earlier, conservation issues of decay in historic monuments were diagnosed by making regular visual inspections and documentation. But, now conservation process is based on physical and chemical consideration, and deep analysis of deteriorated samples. It ensures that the materials used for conservation must be compatible, and works undertaken, reversible, if need be. The conservation approach now is broad-based and holistic in application. Further, emphasis is on systematic and thorough documentation, but minimum intervention, that too if at all necessary.

Conservation problems Growth of micro-vegetation, i.e., algae, moss, lichen, rarely fungi on exterior surfaces of the monument. Deposition of dust and dirt on the stone surface, carvings, joints, etc.

Scientific Treatment Micro-vegetation growth and other superficial accretions were removed using Ammonia and Non-ionic detergent in water in suitable proportion with the aid of soft Nylon Brushes. Fungicidal treatment was given with 2% solution of Sodiumpentachlorophenate to kill any remains of the micro vegetation growth, and to arrest its re-growth. Finally silicone based Wacker product in Mineralized Turpentine Oil (MTO) was applied on all treated surfaces as hydrophobic treatment.

Faade of Jami Masjid

Jami Masjid showing ramp for differently-abled visitors

Ceiling of another dome Carving on ceiling of main dome

Jama Masjid

Central Mihrab

Conservation of chhajja. Before

After

Apron around the Masjid. Before

After

Construction of apron. Before

After

Provision of ramp

Conservation of chajja stone. Before

After

Kevda Masjid

Conservation of pathway: Before

After

Citadel Wall

Conservation of South-East Bhadra. Before

After

Conservation of North-East corner Bastion

After

(Eastern Citadel). Before

Conservation of back side of Jami Masjid. Before

After

Lila Gumbaj-ki-Masjid

Repairs of Stairs. Before

After

Conservation of platform, inner view. Before

After

Providing chain-link fencing: Before

After

Kabutar Khana Pavilion

General view of the Kabutar Khana, on the left side, at the edge of the Vada Talao

Conservation of the Kabutar Khana: Before

After

Sikandar Shahs Tomb: General View

Chain-link fencing on dwarf wall After at the Sikandar Shahs Tomb

Atak Gate

Atak Gate, General View

Conservation of Atak Gate: Before

After

Nagina Mosque

Conservation of chhajja stone: Before

After

Ek-Minar-Ki-Masjid

City Gate

Hampi

HAMPI - LOCATION

HAMPI
(1986-1999) 1565 the Vijaynagara empire ended after being attacked and plundered. Late 19th century Hampi received attention from the then British Indian Government. 1903 (Pre-independence) - the monuments were protected by the then Archaeological Survey of India under the Ancient Monuments Act (1903-04). 1956 (post independence)- Ancient Monuments Act; 56 monuments declared as nationally protected monuments and protected by the Karnataka State Department of Archaeology under its Act. 1980- Beginning of the International Documentation project bringing in international focus to the place.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE, World Heritage Committee

Criteria i, iii, iv

(i) to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius; Hampi represents a unique artistic creation
(iii) to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared; The city bares exceptional testimony to the vanished civilization of the kingdom of Vijayanagara, which reached its glory in the reign of Krishnadeva Raya (1509-1530) (iv) to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates a significant stage in human history; This capital offers an outstanding example of a type structure, which illustrates a significant historical situation; that of the kingdoms of South India menaced by the Muslims occasionally aligned with Portuguese of Goa.

World Heritage Site, Hampi

OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUES

ICOMOS RECOMMENDATIONS (at the time of inscription) The proposed cultural property be inscribed on the World Heritage list, on the condition that there be an extension of the area of protection to the whole of the Archaeological site A new definition of the cultural property of Hampi, which would take into account the whole of the natural and archaeological resources of the site and not just several isolated monuments should be formulated in view of being able to justify its inscription on the world heritage list based on criteria (1), (3) and (4). MANAGEMENT PLAN (recommendations) (v). Superlative natural setting of exceptional beauty, (vi). A broad spectrum of associational value identified from religious to secular royal to common, and living tradition.

HAMPI Architecture, Cultural Landscape and Living Traditions

Heritage Components

SETTING OF THE ANCIENT CAPITAL - HILLS

Heritage Components

BOULDERS

Heritage Components

RIVER

Heritage Components

THE GATEWAYS

Heritage Components

ARCHAEOLOGY AND EXCAVATED SITES

Heritage Components

THE SACRED STRUCTURES

source - City OF Victory; John. M. Fritz and George Michell

Heritage Components

THE VALLEYS TEMPLE AND ITS BAZAR

Heritage Components

THE SACRED STRUCTURES

Heritage Components

THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF HAMPI

Heritage Components

THE RUINS OF HAMPI

Heritage Components

TEMPLE COMPLEXES

Source - Hampi: The Fabled Capital of the Vijaynagara Empire; Karnataka Archaeology

Heritage Components

THE SACRED STRUCTURES

Heritage Components

THE FESTIVAL STRUCTURES

Source - Hampi: The Fabled Capital of the Vijaynagara Empire; Karnataka Archaeology

Heritage Components

THE ROYAL CENTER

Source - Hampi: The Fabled Capital of the Vijaynagara Empire; Karnataka Archaeology

Heritage Components

THE ROYAL CENTER

Heritage Components

WATER SYSTEMS

Heritage Components

THE ORNAMENTAL FEATURES

Heritage Components

THE STONE SCULPTURES

Heritage Components

THE LIVING VILLAGES

Heritage Components

THE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

Heritage Components

TRADITIONL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS THE CORACLES

World Heritage Site, Hampi

SIGNIFICANT EVENTS
1997- the construction of the bridge commences, four years after the laying of the foundation stone. 1997- ASI objects to the construction and brings it to the notice of the authorities at the local level. ASI recommends to divert the path.

1999- Union Minister of Culture (Central Government) expresses concern to the Chief Minister of Karnataka. Asks the State Government to set up a task force.
Task force headed by Chief Secretary and with experts set up to review the bridge Task force recommends the removal of the two bridges. 1999- UNESCO representative Junko Tanaguchi visits Hampi for the first impression of the situation. Bridge construction still continues Junko Tanaguchi highlights the threats. Recommends immediate corrective measures Removal of threats causes by two bridges Recommends the inclusion of the site in World Heritage in Danger. 1999- Inscription of the Group of monuments of Hampi on the list of World heritage in Danger.

World Heritage Site in Danger, Hampi

REMARKS BY THE UNESCO COMMITTEE

"The Committee examined the findings of the UNESCO reactive monitoring mission, and expressing deep concern over the partial construction of two cable-suspended bridges within the protected archaeological areas of Hampi, decided to inscribe the site on the List of World Heritage in Danger. . the potential dangers are threatening the integrity and authenticity of the site, The negative impact caused by the bridges within the World Heritage site were identified as: 1. large scale two way bridge for vehicular traffic and the second footbridge - dominate the extraordinary natural environment and rural setting - threatening the integrity of the World Heritage Site. 2. dislocation and reconstruction of an important historical monument - implementation of existing cultural heritage legislation and policies - to ensure the authenticity of the site. 3. Increased road development and vehicular traffic - hamper archaeological research and excavation in significant areas - cause negative impact on the historical monuments, local inhabitants, tourists and visitors to the site.

THE CONTROVERSIAL BRIDGE

UNESCO-ICOMOS (Mission 2000)

Corrective Measures (Time Bound Action Plan suggested for enhancing the management) Removal of threats caused by 2 bridges: a safer transportation means between the Anegundi, Hampi and Virpapura gada and Hampi, as an interim course.
Needs assessment studies of the local communities, site-managers, local industries with regards to the necessity for transportation of the Tungabhadra River. based on the above two studies determine whether or not it is appropriate to construct bridge, followed by a study for appropriate design and scale of such a bridge, study of alternative location and designs which do not impact negatively on the World Heritage site Scientific impact assessment studies on the World Heritage site caused by such bridges. Halt further construction of the large-scale bridges till the above studies and assessments.

UNESCO-ICOMOS Corrective Measures:

Removal of threats caused by dismantling historic monuments within the WHS: Restore the dislocated historic Mandapa at Anegundi to its original location, to ensure retention of the original morphology and authenticity of the ancient citadel of Anegundi. Ensure no further destruction, dismantling, relocation and defacement of historic monuments.. Implement existing cultural heritage legislation and policies. Removal of threats caused by illegal encroachments within the WHS: Undertake necessary legal action to remove illegal encroachment, particularly the areas surrounding the Virupaksha temple and Hampi Bazaar Mandapas. Prevent any further illegal encroachment. Closely control building within the World Heritage Site.

UNESCO-ICOMOS Corrective Measures:

Removal of POTENTIAL threats caused by ad-hoc development plans within the WHS, including the tourism development plans within Virapapura gada:

Develop and Implement a comprehensive management plan and integrated development plans.
Develop a plan, establish a GIS Appropriate illegal framework Supported and advised by professional group. Demarcation of the areas.

Awareness raising activities

The encroachments on the cultural landscape

The urban growth in the historical villages

The resorts on the Virupapura Gadda island