Equivalence Partitioning

aim is to treat groups of inputs as equivalent and to select one representative input to test them all the numbers fall into a partition where each would have the same, or equivalent, result i.e. an Equivalence Partition (EP) or Equivalence Class EP says that by testing just one value we have tested the partition (typically a mid-point value is used).

in EP we must identify Valid Equivalence partitions and Invalid Equivalence partitions where applicable
EP can help reduce the number of tests from a list of all possible inputs to a minimum set that would still test each partition

Equivalence Partitioning
If the tester chooses the right partitions, the testing will be accurate and efficient EP can be used for all Levels of Testing EP is used to achieve good input and output coverage, knowing exhaustive testing is often impossible It can be applied to human input, input via interfaces to a system, or interface parameters in integration testing

EP Questions

Valid Input: Integers in the range of 100 to 999

EP Questions

Valid Input: Names with up to 20 alphabetic characters

EP Questions
The Switch is switched off once the temperature falls below 18 and then it is turned on when the temperature is more than 21. When the temperature is more than 21, Identify the Equivalence values which belong to the same class. 12,16,22 24,27,17 22,23,24 14,15,19

EP Questions
If a candidate is given an exam of 40 questions, should get 25 marks to pass (61%) and should get 80% for distinction, from the choices below which is a equivalence class.
23, 24, 25 0, 12, 25 30, 36, 39 32, 37, 40

EP Questions
Which of the following is a valid collection of equivalence classes for the following problem: An integer field shall contain values from and including 1 to and including 15
a. Less than 1, 1 through 15, more than 15 b. Negative numbers, 1 through 15, above 15 c. Less than 1, 1 through 14, more than 15 d. Less than 0, 1 through 14, 15 and more

EP Questions
In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid: An employee has $4000 of salary tax free The next $1500 is taxed at 10% The next $28000 is taxed at 22% Any further amount is taxed at 40%

Which of these groups of numbers would fall into the same equivalence class? $5800; $28000; $32000 $0; $200; $4200 $5200; $5500; $28000 $28001; $32000; $35000

EP Questions
Postal rates for light letters are 25p up to 10g, 35p up to 50g plus an extra 10p for each additional 25g up to 100g.

Which test inputs (in grams) would be selected using equivalence partitioning 8, 42, 82, 102 4, 15, 65, 92, 159 10, 50, 75, 100 5, 20, 40, 60, 80

EP Questions
In a Examination a candidate has to score minimum of 24 marks in order to clear the exam. The maximum that he can score is 40 marks. Identify the valid equivalence values if the student clears the exam a) 22, 23, 26 b) 21, 39, 40 c) 29, 30, 31 d) 0, 15, 22

EP Questions
One of the fields on a form contains a text box which accepts alpha numeric values. Identify the valid equivalence class a) BOOK b) Book c) Boo01k d) Book

Equivalence Class Partition based question

A program validates a numeric field as follows: Values less than 10 are rejected, values between 10 and 21 are accepted, values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected. which of the following input values cover all of the equivalence partitions? a. 10,11,21 b. 3,20,21 c. 3,10,22 d. 10,21,22

Equivalence & Boundary Value based questions

Which set of test data demonstrates equivalence partitioning to check whether a customer is a teenager or not? 10, 15 and 19 years 13, 19 and 25 years 13, 16 and 19 years 12, 13 and 20 years

Boundary Value Analysis

BVA operates on the basis that experience shows us that errors are most likely to exist at the boundaries between partitions and in doing so incorporates a degree of negative testing into the test design
Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) uses the same analysis of partitions as EP and is usually used in combination with EP in test case design As with EP, it can be used for all Test levels BVA Test cases are designed to exercise the software on and at either side of boundary values

Boundary Value Analysis

Value = 1 (valid) Value = 0 (invalid) Value = 2 (valid)

Value = 100 (valid) Value = 99 (valid) Value = 101 (invalid)

Boundary Value Analysis

find the boundary and then test one value above and below it
ALWAYS results in two test cases per boundary for valid inputs and three tests cases per boundary for all inputs only applicable for numeric (and date) fields

Boundary Value Questions

An input field takes the year of birth from 1900 till 2004 The boundary values for testing this field are
a) 0, 1900, 2004, 2005 b) 1900, 2004 c) 1899, 1900, 2004, 2005 d) 1899, 1900, 1901, 2003, 2004, 2005

Boundary Value Questions

The following equivalence class for integer numbers is given: 0<=x<=100. Based on boundary value analysis, you should use which of the following test data?

a) b) c) d)

0;100 0; 1; 100; 101 -1; 0; 100; 101 -1; 0; 1; 99; 100

Equivalence & Boundary Value based questions

Order numbers on a stock control system can range between 10000 and 99999 inclusive. Which of the following inputs might be a result of designing tests for only valid equivalence classes and valid boundaries: a) b) c) d) e) 1000, 5000, 99999 9999, 50000, 100000 10000, 50000, 99999 10000, 99999 9999, 10000, 50000, 99999, 100000

Equivalence & Boundary Value based questions

In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid: An employee has 4000 of salary tax free. The next 1500 is taxed at 10% The next 28000 is taxed at 22% Any further amount is taxed at 40% To the nearest whole pound, which of these is a valid Boundary Value Analysis test case? a) b) c) d) 1500 32001 33501 28000

Equivalence & Boundary Value based questions

For a new HR tool, the age of an employee can range between 18 and 58 inclusive which of the following inputs might be a result of designing tests for only valid equivalence class and valid boundaries? a) b) c) d) 17, 18, 30, 58, 59 18, 19, 35, 58, 57 17, 18, 19, 57, 58, 70 17, 18, 30, 31, 58, 59

Equivalence & Boundary Value based questions

To test an input field that accepts a two-digit day based on a particular month which data set demonstrates valid boundary value analysis? a) b) c) d) 0, 1, 16,31 and 100 1, 27, 28, 30 and 31 2, 26, 27, 29 and 30 -1, 0, 15, 32 and 99