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Quantitative Determination of the errors of measuring device & where necessary , adjusting these errors to minimum.
Set of operations that establish , under specified conditions , the relationship between values of quantity indicated by measuring instrument or a measuring system & corresponding values realized by standards
Traceability
The concept of establishing valid calibration of a measurement standard or instrument by step by step comparison with better standards up to an acceptable national or international standard
National Standards are maintained traceable to International Primary standards maintained by International Bureau of Weights & Measures [BIPM] in Paris
NMI provides service to Industries & Other Labs &] Establishes traceability in National Measurement System India NPL [National Physical Laboratory is working as NMI PTB Germany NPL.UK- United Kingdom NMIs in Respective countries
Traceability Chain
National Institute for Metrology , National Standard [NPL] Accrediated Calibration laboratory , Reference Standard Companys calibration laboratory , working standard
Inspection Equpt. Of company
Part to be measured
Some basics in metrology..... Exact Size: It is the value of size obtained with
obtained with an error exceeding the permissible error of measurement and requiring refinement. Accuracy: The closeness to the true value of
Some basics in metrology..... Repeatability or Precision: It is the variation in measurements obtained with one measuring Instrument when used several times by one appraiser while measuring the identical characteristics on the same part. Reproducibility: It is the variation in average of the measurements made by different appraisers using the same measuring instrument when measuring the identical characteristics on the same part
Uncertainty of measurement: The range of values within which the true value of the measured quantity is estimated to lie. Confidence level: The probability that the true
value lies within a specified range of values. It is generally expressed as a decimal or percentage.
Metrological Characteristics of Measuring Instruments: Range: The interval between minimum and
maximum values which can be measured by an instrument. Resolution: The smallest change in the value
remains constant during a number of identical measurements or which varies in a predictable manner when conditions change.
3- Wear in standard
4- Form error 5- Surface Finish
2- Surface finish
3- Instrumental Resolution (when instrument is under calibration)
I- Instrument
1- Instrumental error 2- Uncertainty of calibration 3- Instrumental resolution 4- Repeatability
SWIPE.. P Person 1- Repeatability (Skill of operator for positioning and measuring pressure, etc.)
E- Environment factors
1- Temperature 2- Humidity 3- Cleanliness 4- Vibration
errors.
H= L cos L According to this principle, during measurement, the measuring axis of the instrument should be aligned with respect to the characteristic under test ( the measurand).`` H
Care of V.C. It should not be treated or used as a wrench or hammer. It should not be dropped or tossed aside. After use, it used be wiped free from chips, oil, etc and kept in box provided.
used as the reference point and measured point is obtained by advancing or withdrawing the sliding jaw. The sense of touch (feel) is an important factor
Some commonly used Instruments.. 2. Micrometers Precautions in using a micrometer: It should be cleaned of any dust particles between
Slip Gauges:
Wringing: The slip gauges are wrung together by hand through a combined sliding and twisting
Care and use of Slip Gauges The slip gauges and their case should be
protected from dirt and dust. Care should be taken to avoid the gauges from
metallic dust.
During actual use, the fingering of the lapped
surfaces should be avoided as far as possible and handling should be minimum to avoid heat transfer from body to the gages.
Care and use of Slip Gauges .. If the gauges have been handled for some time,
it should be allowed to settle down to the prevailing room temperature. Always the standard method of wringing should
Using One Thin Gauge Block & Other Thick Gauge Block
lug, the clamp should be quite tight; otherwise false readings may be obtained by occurrence of slip. The plunger lifting lever, when raised to allow work to
square to the plunger and parallel to the measuring surface of the fixture for accurate readings.
backlash, particularly when it is used for detecting small errors. The magnification of dial gauge selected
Surface Plate
Profile Projector Comparator Stand
Instrument Storage
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